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Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 1, sentence 37

But this little book is not for them, and if to those to whom the tale would otherwise be a sealed treasure these pages bring some new knowledge of the way in which our forefathers looked on the characters of the Arthurian legend, the tales they told of them (unconsciously betraying the while how they themselves lived and thought and spoke)—if by that means they gain a keener appreciation of our national heroes, a wider knowledge of our national literature,—then the spirit of the long-dead poet will doubtless not be the slowest to pardon my handling of what was his masterpiece, as it is, in M. Gaston Paris’ words, “The jewel of English mediæval literature.”

Who acts: little book, tale, pages, forefathers, that, keener appreciation · What happens: not be, seal, be, bring, look, tell · To what, where: sealed treasure, new knowledge, tales, the, handling, words · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little book, tale, pages, forefathers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

ccdetamodnsubjcopadvmodcasepunctccmarkcaseapposcasenmoddetnsubjauxadvmodcopdetamodacl:relcldetnsubjacl:relcldetamodobjcasedetnmodcaseoblnmod:possnsubjacl:relclcasedetoblcasedetamodnmodpunctdetconjnsubjacl:relclcaseoblpunctadvmodccompobjmarkadvmodnsubjnmod:unmarkedadvclccconjccccomppunctpunctmarkcasensubjparataxisnsubjccompdetamodnsubjcasenmod:possamodnmodpunctdetamodconjcasenmod:possamodnmodpunctpunctadvmoddetconjcasedetamodpunctamodnmodauxccompadvmodcopdetobjmarkadvclnmod:possobjcasensubjcopnmod:possnmodpunctmarknsubjcoppunctcasecompoundnmod:possflatcaseobjpunctpunctdetapposcaseamodamodnmodpunctpunctrootButCCONJthisDETlittleADJbookNOUNisAUXnotPARTforADPthemPRON,PUNCTandCCONJifSCONJtoADPthosePRONtoADPwhomPRONtheDETtaleNOUNwouldAUXotherwiseADVbeAUXaDETsealedVERBtreasureNOUNtheseDETpagesNOUNbringVERBsomeDETnewADJknowledgeNOUNofADPtheDETwayNOUNinADPwhichPRONourPRONforefathersNOUNlookedVERBonADPtheDETcharactersNOUNofADPtheDETArthurianADJlegendNOUN,PUNCTtheDETtalesNOUNtheyPRONtoldVERBofADPthemPRON(PUNCTunconsciouslyADVbetrayingVERBtheDETwhileSCONJhowADVtheyPRONthemselvesPRONlivedVERBandCCONJthoughtVERBandCCONJspokeVERB)PUNCT—PUNCTifSCONJbyADPthatPRONmeansVERBtheyPRONgainVERBaDETkeenerADJappreciationNOUNofADPourPRONnationalADJheroesNOUN,PUNCTaDETwiderADJknowledgeNOUNofADPourPRONnationalADJliteratureNOUN,PUNCT—PUNCTthenADVtheDETspiritNOUNofADPtheDETlongADJ-PUNCTdeadADJpoetNOUNwillAUXdoubtlessVERBnotPARTbeAUXtheDETslowestADJtoPARTpardonVERBmyPRONhandlingNOUNofADPwhatPRONwasAUXhisPRONmasterpieceNOUN,PUNCTasSCONJitPRONisAUX,PUNCTinADPM.PROPNGastonPROPNParisPROPN’PARTwordsNOUN,PUNCT“PUNCTTheDETjewelNOUNofADPEnglishADJmediævalADJliteratureNOUN.PUNCT”PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ButbutCCONJ_8 themcc
2thisthisDETNumber=Sing PronType=Dem4 bookdet
3littlelittleADJDegree=Pos4 bookamod
4bookbookNOUNNumber=Sing8 themnsubj
5isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin8 themcop
6notnotPARTPolarity=Neg8 themadvmod
7forforADP_8 themcase
8themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prsrootroot
9,,PUNCT_13 thosepunct
10andandCCONJ_13 thosecc
11ififSCONJ_13 thosemark
12totoADP_13 thosecase
13thosethatPRONNumber=Plur PronType=Dem8 themappos
14totoADP_15 whomcase
15whomwhomPRONPronType=Rel13 thosenmod
16thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art17 taledet
17taletaleNOUNNumber=Sing23 treasurensubj
18wouldwouldAUXVerbForm=Fin23 treasureaux
19otherwiseotherwiseADV_23 treasureadvmod
20bebeAUXVerbForm=Inf23 treasurecop
21aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art23 treasuredet
22sealedsealVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass23 treasureamod
23treasuretreasureNOUNNumber=Sing15 whomacl:relcl
24thesethisDETNumber=Plur PronType=Dem25 pagesdet
25pagespageNOUNNumber=Plur26 bringnsubj
26bringbringVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin23 treasureacl:relcl
27somesomeDETPronType=Ind29 knowledgedet
28newnewADJDegree=Pos29 knowledgeamod
29knowledgeknowledgeNOUNNumber=Sing26 bringobj
30ofofADP_32 waycase
31thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art32 waydet
32waywayNOUNNumber=Sing29 knowledgenmod
33ininADP_34 whichcase
34whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel37 lookedobl
35ourourPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs36 forefathersnmod:poss
36forefathersforefatherNOUNNumber=Plur37 lookednsubj
37lookedlookVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin32 wayacl:relcl
38ononADP_40 characterscase
39thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art40 charactersdet
40characterscharacterNOUNNumber=Plur37 lookedobl
41ofofADP_44 legendcase
42thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art44 legenddet
43ArthurianarthurianADJDegree=Pos44 legendamod
44legendlegendNOUNNumber=Sing40 charactersnmod
45,,PUNCT_47 talespunct
46thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art47 talesdet
47talestaleNOUNNumber=Plur29 knowledgeconj
48theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs49 toldnsubj
49toldtellVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin47 talesacl:relcl
50ofofADP_51 themcase
51themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs49 toldobl
52((PUNCT_54 betrayingpunct
53unconsciouslyunconsciouslyADV_54 betrayingadvmod
54betrayingbetrayVERBVerbForm=Ger49 toldccomp
55thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art54 betrayingobj
56whilewhileSCONJ_60 livedmark
57howhowADVPronType=Int60 livedadvmod
58theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs60 livednsubj
59themselvesthemselvesPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes58 theynmod:unmarked
60livedliveVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin54 betrayingadvcl
61andandCCONJ_62 thoughtcc
62thoughtthinkVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin60 livedconj
63andandCCONJ_64 spokecc
64spokespeakVERBMood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin62 thoughtccomp
65))PUNCT_64 spokepunct
66—-PUNCT_70 meanspunct
67ififSCONJ_70 meansmark
68bybyADP_69 thatcase
69thatthatPRONNumber=Sing PronType=Dem70 meansnsubj
70meansmeanVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin54 betrayingparataxis
71theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs72 gainnsubj
72gaingainVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin70 meansccomp
73aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art75 appreciationdet
74keenerkeenADJDegree=Cmp75 appreciationamod
75appreciationappreciationNOUNNumber=Sing100 doubtlessnsubj
76ofofADP_79 heroescase
77ourourPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs79 heroesnmod:poss
78nationalnationalADJDegree=Pos79 heroesamod
79heroesheroNOUNNumber=Plur75 appreciationnmod
80,,PUNCT_83 knowledgepunct
81aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art83 knowledgedet
82widerwideADJDegree=Cmp83 knowledgeamod
83knowledgeknowledgeNOUNNumber=Sing75 appreciationconj
84ofofADP_87 literaturecase
85ourourPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs87 literaturenmod:poss
86nationalnationalADJDegree=Pos87 literatureamod
87literatureliteratureNOUNNumber=Sing83 knowledgenmod
88,,PUNCT_92 spiritpunct
89—-PUNCT_92 spiritpunct
90thenthenADVPronType=Dem92 spiritadvmod
91thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art92 spiritdet
92spiritspiritNOUNNumber=Sing75 appreciationconj
93ofofADP_98 poetcase
94thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art98 poetdet
95longlongADJDegree=Pos97 deadamod
96--PUNCT_95 longpunct
97deaddeadADJDegree=Pos98 poetamod
98poetpoetNOUNNumber=Sing92 spiritnmod
99willwillAUXVerbForm=Fin100 doubtlessaux
100doubtlessdoubtlessVERBVerbForm=Inf72 gainccomp
101notnotPARTPolarity=Neg100 doubtlessadvmod
102bebeAUXVerbForm=Inf104 slowestcop
103thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art104 slowestdet
104slowestslowADJDegree=Sup100 doubtlessobj
105totoPART_106 pardonmark
106pardonpardonVERBVerbForm=Inf104 slowestadvcl
107mymyPRONCase=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs108 handlingnmod:poss
108handlinghandlingNOUNNumber=Sing106 pardonobj
109ofofADP_113 masterpiececase
110whatwhatPRONPronType=Int113 masterpiecensubj
111wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin113 masterpiececop
112hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs113 masterpiecenmod:poss
113masterpiecemasterpieceNOUNNumber=Sing108 handlingnmod
114,,PUNCT_117 ispunct
115asasSCONJ_117 ismark
116ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs117 isnsubj
117isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin124 wordscop
118,,PUNCT_124 wordspunct
119ininADP_124 wordscase
120M.M.PROPNNumber=Sing121 Gastoncompound
121GastonGastonPROPNNumber=Sing124 wordsnmod:poss
122ParisParisPROPNNumber=Sing121 Gastonflat
123’'sPART_121 Gastoncase
124wordswordNOUNNumber=Plur100 doubtlessobj
125,,PUNCT_128 jewelpunct
126“"PUNCT_128 jewelpunct
127ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art128 jeweldet
128jeweljewelNOUNNumber=Sing124 wordsappos
129ofofADP_132 literaturecase
130EnglishEnglishADJDegree=Pos132 literatureamod
131mediævalmediævalADJDegree=Pos132 literatureamod
132literatureliteratureNOUNNumber=Sing128 jewelnmod
133..PUNCT_128 jewelpunct
134”"PUNCT_128 jewelpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1not ispresentthis little bookfor scholars = scholar; those appostree rules
2sealparticiplevn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
3is awouldthe talea sealed treasureotherwise propertytree rules
4bringpresentthis pagessome new knowledge of the way and the talesvn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent knowledge=Theme
5lookpastour forefatherson the characters of the Arthurian legend; in the wayvn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in which=Theme
6tell speech: assertpastpages = pagethe tales not said hereof scholars = scholarvn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent tale=Recipient clause=Topic
7betraygerundtheunconsciously propertytree rules
8livepastpages = pagevn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
9think speech: otherpastpages = page not said herevn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
10speak speech: otherpastvn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
11mean a condition, not said to happenpresentthatvn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
12gainpresentpages = pagetree rules
13not doubtlessfuturea keener appreciation of our national heroes and a wider knowledge of our national literature and the spirit of the dead poettree rules
14isinfinitiveslow propertytree rules
15pardonto-infinitivemy handlingvn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent handling=Theme
16ispastmy handlingof literature's masterpiece; literature nmod:posstree rules
17ispresentM. Gaston's wordsM. Gaston nmod:poss; the jewel of English mediæval literature appostree rules
18handlemynom handling «act transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/1/37/