Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 2, sentence 25
Then was there great gazing to behold that chief, for each man marvelled what it might mean that a knight and his steed should have even such a hue as the green grass; and that seemed even greener than green enamel on bright gold.
Who acts: man, it, knight, that · What happens: be, gaze, behold, marvell, mean, have · To what, where: chief, hue · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, it, knight, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 great | advmod |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 great | cop |
| 3 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 great | advmod |
| 4 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | gazing | gaze | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 great | advcl |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 behold | mark |
| 7 | behold | behold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 gazing | xcomp |
| 8 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 9 chief | det |
| 9 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 behold | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 marvelled | punct |
| 11 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 14 marvelled | mark |
| 12 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 13 man | det |
| 13 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 marvelled | nsubj |
| 14 | marvelled | marvell | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 gazing | conj |
| 15 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 18 mean | obj |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 mean | nsubj |
| 17 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 mean | aux |
| 18 | mean | mean | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 marvelled | ccomp |
| 19 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 26 have | mark |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 knight | det |
| 21 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 have | nsubj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 steed | cc |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 steed | nmod:poss |
| 24 | steed | steed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 knight | conj |
| 25 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 have | aux |
| 26 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 mean | ccomp |
| 27 | even | even | ADV | _ | 30 hue | advmod |
| 28 | such | such | DET | PronType=Ind | 30 hue | det:predet |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 hue | det |
| 30 | hue | hue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 have | obj |
| 31 | as | as | ADP | _ | 34 grass | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 grass | det |
| 33 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 grass | amod |
| 34 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 have | obl |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 seemed | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 seemed | cc |
| 37 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 38 seemed | nsubj |
| 38 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 great | conj |
| 39 | even | even | ADV | _ | 40 greener | advmod |
| 40 | greener | green | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 38 seemed | xcomp |
| 41 | than | than | ADP | _ | 43 enamel | case |
| 42 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 enamel | amod |
| 43 | enamel | enamel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 greener | obl |
| 44 | on | on | ADP | _ | 46 gold | case |
| 45 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 gold | amod |
| 46 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 enamel | nmod |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 great | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | there | then | great property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | gaze | gerund | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | behold | to-infinitive | that chief | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer chief=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | marvell | past | each man | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | mean | might | it | what obj | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | have | should | a knight and Knight's steed | such hue | as the green grass | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hue=Patient | |||
| 7 | seem | past | that | green property | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/2/25/