Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 2, sentence 26
All looked on him as he stood, and drew near unto him wondering greatly what he might be; for many marvels had they seen, but none such as this, and phantasm and faërie did the folk deem it.
Who acts: Knight, many marvels, marvels, none · What happens: look, stand, draw, wonder, be, have · To what, where: faërie · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Knight, many marvels, marvels, none), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All | all | ADV | _ | 2 looked | advmod |
| 2 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | on | on | ADP | _ | 4 him | case |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 looked | obl |
| 5 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 7 stood | mark |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 stood | nsubj |
| 7 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 looked | advcl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 drew | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 drew | cc |
| 10 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 looked | conj |
| 11 | near | near | ADV | _ | 10 drew | advmod |
| 12 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 13 him | case |
| 13 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 drew | obl |
| 14 | wondering | wonder | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 drew | advcl |
| 15 | greatly | greatly | ADV | _ | 16 what | advmod |
| 16 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 19 be | obj |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 be | nsubj |
| 18 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 be | aux |
| 19 | be | be | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 wondering | ccomp |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 had | punct |
| 21 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 marvels | case |
| 22 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 marvels | amod |
| 23 | marvels | marvel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 had | nsubj |
| 24 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 looked | parataxis |
| 25 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 seen | nsubj |
| 26 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 had | xcomp |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 deem | punct |
| 28 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 41 deem | cc |
| 29 | none | none | PRON | PronType=Neg | 41 deem | nsubj |
| 30 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 32 this | case |
| 31 | as | as | ADP | _ | 30 such | fixed |
| 32 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 29 none | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 did | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 did | cc |
| 35 | phantasm | phantasm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 did | nsubj |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 faërie | cc |
| 37 | faërie | faërie | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 phantasm | conj |
| 38 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 deem | aux |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 folk | det |
| 40 | folk | folk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 deem | nsubj |
| 41 | deem | deem | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 had | conj |
| 42 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 deem | obj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | past | on Knight; all property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on he=Theme | |||||
| 2 | stand | past | Knight | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | draw | past | unto Knight; near property | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | wonder speech: ask | gerund | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||||
| 5 | be | might | Knight | what obj | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot what=Theme | ||||
| 6 | have | past | many marvels | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | see | participle | marvels = marvel | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 8 | deem | past · do-support | none such this | faërie | the folk nsubj | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent it=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/2/26/