Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 2, sentence 65
Then Arthur commanded the knight to rise, and he rose up quickly and knelt down before the king, and caught hold of the weapon; and the king loosed his hold of it, and lifted up his hand, and gave him his blessing, and bade him be strong both of heart and hand.
Who acts: Arthur, king, bade · What happens: command, rise, rise up, kneel down, catch, loose · To what, where: knight, hold, hand, blessing, king, weapon · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arthur, king, bade), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 commanded | advmod |
| 2 | Arthur | Arthur | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 commanded | nsubj |
| 3 | commanded | command | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 knight | det |
| 5 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 commanded | obj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 rise | mark |
| 7 | rise | rise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 knight | acl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 rose | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 rose | cc |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 rose | nsubj |
| 11 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 commanded | conj |
| 12 | up | up | ADP | _ | 11 rose | compound:prt |
| 13 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 11 rose | advmod |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 knelt | cc |
| 15 | knelt | kneel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 rose | conj |
| 16 | down | down | ADP | _ | 15 knelt | compound:prt |
| 17 | before | before | ADP | _ | 19 king | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 king | det |
| 19 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 knelt | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 caught | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 caught | cc |
| 22 | caught | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 commanded | conj |
| 23 | hold | hold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 caught | obj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 weapon | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 weapon | det |
| 26 | weapon | weapon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 hold | nmod |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 loosed | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 loosed | cc |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 king | det |
| 30 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 loosed | nsubj |
| 31 | loosed | loose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 commanded | conj |
| 32 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 hold | nmod:poss |
| 33 | hold | hold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 loosed | obj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 it | case |
| 35 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 hold | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 lifted | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 lifted | cc |
| 38 | lifted | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 loosed | conj |
| 39 | up | up | ADP | _ | 38 lifted | compound:prt |
| 40 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 hand | nmod:poss |
| 41 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 lifted | obj |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 gave | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 gave | cc |
| 44 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 lifted | conj |
| 45 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 gave | iobj |
| 46 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 blessing | nmod:poss |
| 47 | blessing | blessing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 gave | obj |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 strong | punct |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 53 strong | cc |
| 50 | bade | bade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 strong | nsubj |
| 51 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 53 strong | nsubj |
| 52 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 53 strong | cop |
| 53 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 commanded | parataxis |
| 54 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 56 heart | det |
| 55 | of | of | ADP | _ | 56 heart | case |
| 56 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 strong | nsubj |
| 57 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 hand | cc |
| 58 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 heart | conj |
| 59 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 commanded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | command | past | Arthur | the knight | then | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent knight=Theme | |||
| 2 | rise | to-infinitive | Arthur not said here | the knight not said here | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | rise up | past | Arthur | quickly property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | kneel down | past | Arthur not said here | before the king | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before king=Location | ||||
| 5 | catch | past | Arthur not said here | hold of the weapon | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hold=Theme | ||||
| 6 | loose | past | the king | king's hold of hold | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hold=Patient | ||||
| 7 | lift up | past | the king not said here | king's hand | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme | ||||
| 8 | give | past | the king not said here | king's blessing | king | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient blessing=Theme | |||
| 9 | is | infinitive | bade | king nsubj; both heart and hand nsubj; strong property | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | hold | the weapon | nom hold «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 11 | hold | king | hold | nom hold «act transitive»: poss=agent of=patient | |||||
| 12 | bless | king | nom blessing «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/2/65/