Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 3, sentence 19
After the season of summer, with the soft winds, when zephyr breathes lightly on seeds and herbs, joyous indeed is the growth that waxes thereout when the dew drips from the leaves beneath the blissful glance of the bright sun. But then comes harvest and hardens the grain, warning it to wax ripe ere the winter.
Who acts: zephyr, season, growth, dew, warning, bright sun. · What happens: breathe, be, wax, drip, come, harden · To what, where: seeds, growth, thereout, leaves, harvest, grain
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (zephyr, season, growth, dew), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 3 season | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 season | det |
| 3 | season | season | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 growth | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 summer | case |
| 5 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 season | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 winds | punct |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 winds | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 winds | det |
| 9 | soft | soft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 winds | amod |
| 10 | winds | wind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 season | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 breathes | punct |
| 12 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 14 breathes | mark |
| 13 | zephyr | zephyr | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 breathes | nsubj |
| 14 | breathes | breathe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 winds | acl:relcl |
| 15 | lightly | lightly | ADV | _ | 14 breathes | advmod |
| 16 | on | on | ADP | _ | 17 seeds | case |
| 17 | seeds | seed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 breathes | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 herbs | cc |
| 19 | herbs | herb | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 seeds | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 joyous | punct |
| 21 | joyous | joyous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 seeds | conj |
| 22 | indeed | indeed | ADV | _ | 14 breathes | advmod |
| 23 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 growth | cop |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 growth | det |
| 25 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 26 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 waxes | nsubj |
| 27 | waxes | wax | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 growth | acl:relcl |
| 28 | thereout | thereout | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 waxes | obj |
| 29 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 32 drips | mark |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 dew | det |
| 31 | dew | dew | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 drips | nsubj |
| 32 | drips | drip | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 waxes | advcl |
| 33 | from | from | ADP | _ | 35 leaves | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 leaves | det |
| 35 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 drips | obl |
| 36 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 39 glance | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 glance | det |
| 38 | blissful | blissful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 glance | amod |
| 39 | glance | glance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 drips | obl |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 sun. | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 sun. | det |
| 42 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 sun. | amod |
| 43 | sun. | sun. | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 glance | nmod |
| 44 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 46 comes | cc |
| 45 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 46 comes | advmod |
| 46 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 waxes | conj |
| 47 | harvest | harvest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 comes | obj |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 hardens | cc |
| 49 | hardens | harden | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 waxes | conj |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 grain | det |
| 51 | grain | grain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 hardens | obj |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 warning | punct |
| 53 | warning | warn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 58 ere | csubj |
| 54 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 53 warning | obj |
| 55 | to | to | ADP | _ | 56 wax | case |
| 56 | wax | wax | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 warning | obl |
| 57 | ripe | ripe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 53 warning | xcomp |
| 58 | ere | ere | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 hardens | parataxis |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 60 winter | det |
| 60 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 ere | obj |
| 61 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 25 growth | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | breathe | present | zephyr | seeds and herbs | indeed, lightly property | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Agent on seed=Destination | |||
| 2 | is a | present | the season of summer and the soft winds | the growth | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | wax | present | the growth | thereout | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location thereout=Theme | ||||
| 4 | drip | present | the dew | the leaves | beneath the blissful glance of the bright sun. | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from leaf=Source | |||
| 5 | come | present | the growth not said here | harvest | then | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location harvest=Theme | |||
| 6 | harden | present | the growth not said here | the grain | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent grain=Patient | ||||
| 7 | warn speech: warn | gerund | grain | to wax; ripe property | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient | ||||
| 8 | ere | past | warning | winter | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | glance | the bright sun. | nom glance «act intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/3/19/