Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 3, sentence 21
So the year passes into many yesterdays, and winter comes again, as it needs no sage to tell us.
Who acts: year, winter, ripe · What happens: pass, come, need, tell · To what, where: sage, us · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (year, winter, ripe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 4 passes | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 year | det |
| 3 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 passes | nsubj |
| 4 | passes | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | into | into | ADP | _ | 7 yesterdays | case |
| 6 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 yesterdays | amod |
| 7 | yesterdays | yesterday | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 passes | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 comes | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 comes | cc |
| 10 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 comes | nsubj |
| 11 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 passes | parataxis |
| 12 | again | again | ADV | _ | 11 comes | advmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 needs | punct |
| 14 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 16 needs | mark |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 needs | nsubj |
| 16 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 comes | conj |
| 17 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 18 sage | det |
| 18 | sage | sage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 needs | obj |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 tell | mark |
| 20 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 sage | acl |
| 21 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 tell | iobj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 passes | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pass | present | the year | yesterday | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | come | present | winter | again | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | need | present | ripe | no sage | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot sage=Theme | ||||
| 4 | tell speech: assert | to-infinitive | ripe not said here | no sage not said here | us | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent we=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/3/21/