Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 3, sentence 63
All that saw him were grieved at heart, and said one to the other, “By Christ, ’tis great pity that one of such noble life should be lost!
Who acts: that, Christ · What happens: see, grieve, say, lose · To what, where: Sir, heart, one, other, tis great pity · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that, Christ), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 saw | det:predet |
| 2 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 saw | nsubj |
| 3 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 grieved | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 grieved | aux:pass |
| 6 | grieved | grieve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 saw | ccomp |
| 7 | at | at | ADP | _ | 8 heart | case |
| 8 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 grieved | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 said | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 said | cc |
| 11 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 saw | parataxis |
| 12 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 said | obj |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 other | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 other | det |
| 15 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 one | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 lost | punct |
| 17 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 lost | punct |
| 18 | By | by | ADP | _ | 19 Christ | case |
| 19 | Christ | Christ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 lost | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 pity | punct |
| 21 | ’ | ' | CCONJ | _ | 24 pity | cc |
| 22 | tis | tis | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 pity | amod |
| 23 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 pity | amod |
| 24 | pity | pity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 lost | nsubj:pass |
| 25 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 one | nsubj |
| 26 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 24 pity | appos |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 life | case |
| 28 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 life | amod |
| 29 | noble | noble | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 life | amod |
| 30 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 one | nmod |
| 31 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 33 lost | aux |
| 32 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 33 lost | aux:pass |
| 33 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 said | conj |
| 34 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 3 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | that | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | grieve | past · passive | Sir | heart | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | say speech: express | past | one | the other | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent one=Topic to other=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | lose in a quote | should · passive | Christ | tis great pity | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/3/63/