Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 3, sentence 78
Many a cliff did he climb in that unknown land, where afar from his friends he rode as a stranger.
Who acts: Many cliff, Sir · What happens: climb, ride · To what, where: unknown land, friends
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many cliff, Sir), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 cliff | amod |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 cliff | det |
| 3 | cliff | cliff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 climb | nsubj |
| 4 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 climb | aux |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 climb | nsubj |
| 6 | climb | climb | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 land | case |
| 8 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 10 land | det |
| 9 | unknown | unknown | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 land | amod |
| 10 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 climb | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 afar | punct |
| 12 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 13 afar | advmod |
| 13 | afar | afar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 land | amod |
| 14 | from | from | ADP | _ | 16 friends | case |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 friends | nmod:poss |
| 16 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 afar | obl |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 rode | nsubj |
| 18 | rode | ride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 friends | acl:relcl |
| 19 | as | as | ADP | _ | 21 stranger | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 stranger | det |
| 21 | stranger | stranger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 rode | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 climb | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | climb | past · do-support | a Many cliff | that unknown land | cliff nsubj | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in land=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | ride | past | Sir | Sir's friends not said here | as a stranger | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/3/78/