Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 3, sentence 79
Never did he come to a stream or a ford but he found a foe before him, and that one so marvellous, so foul and fell, that it behoved him to fight.
Who acts: Sir, foe · What happens: not come, find, fall, behove, fight · To what, where: stream, foe, Sir
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sir, foe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 4 come | advmod |
| 2 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 come | aux |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 come | nsubj |
| 4 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 stream | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 stream | det |
| 7 | stream | stream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 come | obl |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 ford | cc |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 ford | det |
| 10 | ford | ford | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 stream | conj |
| 11 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 13 found | cc |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 found | nsubj |
| 13 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 come | conj |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 foe | det |
| 15 | foe | foe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 found | obj |
| 16 | before | before | ADP | _ | 17 him | case |
| 17 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 found | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 marvellous | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 marvellous | cc |
| 20 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 23 marvellous | mark |
| 21 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 marvellous | nsubj |
| 22 | so | so | ADV | _ | 23 marvellous | advmod |
| 23 | marvellous | marvellous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 come | parataxis |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 foul | punct |
| 25 | so | so | ADV | _ | 26 foul | advmod |
| 26 | foul | foul | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 marvellous | conj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 fell | cc |
| 28 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 marvellous | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 behoved | punct |
| 30 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 32 behoved | mark |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 behoved | nsubj |
| 32 | behoved | behove | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 fell | conj |
| 33 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 behoved | obj |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 fight | mark |
| 35 | fight | fight | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 behoved | xcomp |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 come | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not come | past · do-support | Sir | a stream or a ford | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to stream=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | find | past | Sir | a foe | before cliff | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foe=Topic | |||
| 3 | fall | past | Sir not said here | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | behove | past | foe | Sir | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | fight | to-infinitive | foe not said here | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/3/79/