Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 3, sentence 86
On that morning he rode by a hill, and came into a thick forest, wild and drear; on each side were high hills, and thick woods below them of great hoar oaks, a hundred together, of hazel and hawthorn with their trailing boughs intertwined, and rough ragged moss spreading everywhere.
Who acts: Sir, rough ragged moss · What happens: ride, come, be, intertwine, spread · To what, where: rough ragged moss, thick forest, high hills, side, trailing boughs
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sir, rough ragged moss), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 3 morning | case |
| 2 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 morning | det |
| 3 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rode | obl |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 rode | nsubj |
| 5 | rode | ride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 hill | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 hill | det |
| 8 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rode | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 came | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 came | cc |
| 11 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 rode | conj |
| 12 | into | into | ADP | _ | 15 forest | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 forest | det |
| 14 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 forest | amod |
| 15 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 came | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 wild | punct |
| 17 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 came | conj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 drear | cc |
| 19 | drear | drear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 wild | conj |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 hills | punct |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 23 side | case |
| 22 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 23 side | det |
| 23 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 hills | obl |
| 24 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 hills | cop |
| 25 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 hills | amod |
| 26 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 rode | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 woods | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 woods | cc |
| 29 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 woods | amod |
| 30 | woods | wood | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 hills | conj |
| 31 | below | below | ADP | _ | 32 them | case |
| 32 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 woods | nmod |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 oaks | case |
| 34 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 oaks | amod |
| 35 | hoar | hoar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 oaks | amod |
| 36 | oaks | oak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 woods | nmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 hundred | punct |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 hundred | det |
| 39 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 26 hills | conj |
| 40 | together | together | ADV | _ | 39 hundred | advmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 hazel | punct |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 hazel | case |
| 43 | hazel | hazel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rode | obl |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 hawthorn | cc |
| 45 | hawthorn | hawthorn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 hazel | conj |
| 46 | with | with | ADP | _ | 49 boughs | case |
| 47 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 49 boughs | nmod:poss |
| 48 | trailing | trailing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 boughs | compound |
| 49 | boughs | bough | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 hazel | nmod |
| 50 | intertwined | intertwine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 49 boughs | acl |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 moss | punct |
| 52 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 55 moss | cc |
| 53 | rough | rough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 55 moss | amod |
| 54 | ragged | ragged | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 55 moss | amod |
| 55 | moss | moss | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rode | obl |
| 56 | spreading | spread | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 55 moss | acl |
| 57 | everywhere | everywhere | ADV | PronType=Tot | 56 spreading | advmod |
| 58 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 rode | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ride | past | Sir | rough ragged moss | morning | by a hill; of hazel with hills's trailing boughs and hawthorn | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent of hazel=Trajectory | ||
| 2 | come | past | Sir not said here | a thick forest | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into forest=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | is a | past | high hills and thick woods below hills of great hoar oaks | each side | thick woods below hills of great hoar oaks conj; a hundred conj | tree rules | |||
| 4 | intertwine | participle | hills's trailing boughs not said here | vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | spread | gerund | rough ragged moss not said here | everywhere property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/3/86/