Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 3, sentence 87
On the bare twigs the birds chirped piteously, for pain of the cold.
What happens: chirp, pain · To what, where: birds, cold
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 4 twigs | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 twigs | det |
| 3 | bare | bare | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 twigs | amod |
| 4 | twigs | twig | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 birds | obl |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 birds | det |
| 6 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 7 | chirped | chirp | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 birds | acl |
| 8 | piteously | piteously | ADV | _ | 7 chirped | advmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 pain | punct |
| 10 | for | for | ADP | _ | 11 pain | case |
| 11 | pain | pain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 chirped | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 cold | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 cold | det |
| 14 | cold | cold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 pain | nmod |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 birds | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | chirp | participle | the birds on the bare twigs not said here | for pain of the cold; piteously property | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S_INF»: agent=Agent for pain=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | pain | the cold | nom pain «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/3/87/