Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 3, sentence 88
The knight upon Gringalet rode lonely beneath them, through marsh and mire, much troubled at heart lest he should fail to see the service of the Lord, who on that self-same night was born of a Maiden for the cure of our grief; and therefore he said, sighing, “I beseech Thee, Lord, and Mary Thy gentle Mother, for some shelter where I may hear Mass, and Thy mattins at morn.
Who acts: knight, Gringalet · What happens: ride, fail, not see, bear, say, sigh · To what, where: Mary, marsh, service, Thee, Mass, Lord · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knight, Gringalet), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 knight | det |
| 2 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rode | nsubj |
| 3 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 4 Gringalet | case |
| 4 | Gringalet | Gringalet | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 knight | nmod |
| 5 | rode | ride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | lonely | lonely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 rode | xcomp |
| 7 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 8 them | case |
| 8 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 rode | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 marsh | punct |
| 10 | through | through | ADP | _ | 11 marsh | case |
| 11 | marsh | marsh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rode | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 mire | cc |
| 13 | mire | mire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 marsh | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 troubled | punct |
| 15 | much | much | ADV | _ | 16 troubled | advmod |
| 16 | troubled | troubled | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 rode | parataxis |
| 17 | at | at | ADP | _ | 18 heart | case |
| 18 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 troubled | obl |
| 19 | lest | lest | SCONJ | _ | 22 fail | mark |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 fail | nsubj |
| 21 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 fail | aux |
| 22 | fail | fail | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 troubled | advcl |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 see | mark |
| 24 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 fail | xcomp |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 service | det |
| 26 | service | service | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 see | obj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 Lord | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 Lord | det |
| 29 | Lord | Lord | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 service | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 born | punct |
| 31 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 39 born | nsubj:pass |
| 32 | on | on | ADP | _ | 37 night | case |
| 33 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 37 night | det |
| 34 | self | self | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 night | compound |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 self | punct |
| 36 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 night | amod |
| 37 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 born | obl |
| 38 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 born | aux:pass |
| 39 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 service | acl |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 Maiden | case |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 Maiden | det |
| 42 | Maiden | Maiden | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 born | obl |
| 43 | for | for | ADP | _ | 45 cure | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 cure | det |
| 45 | cure | cure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 born | obl |
| 46 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 grief | case |
| 47 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 48 grief | nmod:poss |
| 48 | grief | grief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 cure | nmod |
| 49 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 53 said | punct |
| 50 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 53 said | cc |
| 51 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 53 said | advmod |
| 52 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 53 said | nsubj |
| 53 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 rode | parataxis |
| 54 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 sighing | punct |
| 55 | sighing | sigh | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 53 said | advcl |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 59 beseech | punct |
| 57 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 59 beseech | punct |
| 58 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 59 beseech | nsubj |
| 59 | beseech | beseech | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 55 sighing | conj |
| 60 | Thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 59 beseech | obj |
| 61 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 62 Lord | punct |
| 62 | Lord | Lord | PROPN | Number=Sing | 59 beseech | obl |
| 63 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 65 Mary | punct |
| 64 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 65 Mary | cc |
| 65 | Mary | Mary | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 rode | obl |
| 66 | Thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 68 Mother | nmod:poss |
| 67 | gentle | gentle | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 68 Mother | amod |
| 68 | Mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 Mary | appos |
| 69 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 72 shelter | punct |
| 70 | for | for | ADP | _ | 72 shelter | case |
| 71 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 72 shelter | det |
| 72 | shelter | shelter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 Mary | appos |
| 73 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 76 hear | advmod |
| 74 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 76 hear | nsubj |
| 75 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 76 hear | aux |
| 76 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 72 shelter | acl:relcl |
| 77 | Mass | Mass | PROPN | Number=Sing | 76 hear | obj |
| 78 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 81 mattins | punct |
| 79 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 81 mattins | cc |
| 80 | Thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 81 mattins | nmod:poss |
| 81 | mattins | mattin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 65 Mary | conj |
| 82 | at | at | ADP | _ | 83 morn | case |
| 83 | morn | morn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 81 mattins | nmod |
| 84 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 rode | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ride | past | the knight upon Gringalet | Mary and Thy mattins at morn | marsh and mire | beneath birds = bird; lonely property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent through marsh=Trajectory | ||
| 2 | fail | should | Gringalet | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | not see | to-infinitive | Gringalet not said here | the service of the Lord | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer service=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | bear | past · passive | the service of the Lord | night | of a Maiden; for the cure of our grief | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus for cure=Attribute | |||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | Gringalet | therefore property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | sigh | gerund | Gringalet not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | beseech in a quote | present | Gringalet | Thee | Lord obl | tree rules | |||
| 8 | hear in a quote | may | Gringalet | Mass | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer mass=Stimulus | ||||
| 9 | service | the Lord | nom service «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/3/88/