Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 3, sentence 92
Now that knight had crossed himself but thrice ere he was aware in the wood of a dwelling within a moat, above a lawn, on a mound surrounded by many mighty trees that stood round the moat. ’
Who acts: thrice ere, many mighty trees · What happens: cross, be, dwell, surround, stand · To what, where: knight, wood, mound
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thrice ere, many mighty trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 crossed | advmod |
| 2 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 knight | det |
| 3 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 crossed | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 crossed | aux |
| 5 | crossed | cross | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 5 crossed | obj |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 12 aware | cc |
| 8 | thrice | thrice | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 ere | amod |
| 9 | ere | ere | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 aware | nsubj |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 aware | nsubj |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 aware | cop |
| 12 | aware | aware | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 crossed | conj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 wood | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 wood | det |
| 15 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 aware | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 lawn | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 lawn | det |
| 18 | dwelling | dwell | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 25 lawn | csubj |
| 19 | within | within | ADP | _ | 21 moat | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 moat | det |
| 21 | moat | moat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 dwelling | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 lawn | punct |
| 23 | above | above | ADP | _ | 25 lawn | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 lawn | det |
| 25 | lawn | lawn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 wood | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 mound | punct |
| 27 | on | on | ADP | _ | 29 mound | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 mound | det |
| 29 | mound | mound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 wood | conj |
| 30 | surrounded | surround | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 mound | acl |
| 31 | by | by | ADP | _ | 34 trees | case |
| 32 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 trees | amod |
| 33 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 trees | amod |
| 34 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 surrounded | obl:agent |
| 35 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 stood | nsubj |
| 36 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 trees | acl:relcl |
| 37 | round | round | ADP | _ | 39 moat | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 moat | det |
| 39 | moat | moat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 stood | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 crossed | punct |
| 41 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 5 crossed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cross | past · perfect · passive | that knight | now | Sir obj | tree rules | |||
| 2 | is | past | thrice ere | the wood of a lawn and a mound | Sir nsubj; aware property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | dwell | gerund | within a moat | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | surround | participle | a mound not said here | many mighty trees obl:agent | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | stand | past | many mighty trees | round the moat | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/3/92/