Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 3, sentence 93
Twas the fairest castle that ever a knight owned;[7] built in a meadow with a park all about it, and a spiked palisade, closely driven, that enclosed the trees for more than two miles.
Who acts: Twas, spiked palisade · What happens: own, build, spike, drive, enclose · To what, where: fairest castle, 7, spiked palisade, trees, Twas
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Twas, spiked palisade), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Twas | twa | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 castle | det |
| 3 | fairest | fair | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 4 castle | amod |
| 4 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Twas | appos |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 owned | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 8 knight | advmod |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 knight | det |
| 8 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 owned | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | owned | own | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 castle | acl:relcl |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 built | punct |
| 11 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 12 7 | punct |
| 12 | 7 | 7 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 14 built | obl |
| 13 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 12 7 | punct |
| 14 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Twas | acl |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 meadow | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 meadow | det |
| 17 | meadow | meadow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 built | obl |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 park | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 park | det |
| 20 | park | park | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 meadow | nmod |
| 21 | all | all | ADV | _ | 23 it | advmod |
| 22 | about | about | ADP | _ | 23 it | case |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 built | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 enclosed | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 enclosed | cc |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 palisade | det |
| 27 | spiked | spike | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 palisade | amod |
| 28 | palisade | palisade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 enclosed | nsubj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 driven | punct |
| 30 | closely | closely | ADV | _ | 31 driven | advmod |
| 31 | driven | drive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 palisade | acl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 enclosed | punct |
| 33 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 enclosed | nsubj |
| 34 | enclosed | enclose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Twas | parataxis |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 trees | det |
| 36 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 enclosed | obj |
| 37 | for | for | ADP | _ | 41 miles | case |
| 38 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV | 40 two | advmod |
| 39 | than | than | ADP | _ | 38 more | fixed |
| 40 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 41 miles | nummod |
| 41 | miles | mile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 enclosed | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Twas | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | own | participle · passive | the fairest castle | a knight nsubj:pass | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | build | participle | Twas not said here | 7 | about castle; in a meadow with a park | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in meadow=Attribute | |||
| 3 | spike | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | drive | participle | a spiked palisade not said here | closely property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | enclose | past | a spiked palisade | the trees | for two miles; that nsubj | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme tree=Co-Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/3/93/