Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 4, sentence 12
They let down the great drawbridge, and came forth and knelt on their knees on the cold earth to give him worthy welcome.
Who acts: gates · What happens: let down, come, kneel, give · To what, where: great drawbridge, knees, worthy welcome, Sir
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gates), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 let | nsubj |
| 2 | let | let | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | down | down | ADP | _ | 2 let | compound:prt |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 drawbridge | det |
| 5 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 drawbridge | amod |
| 6 | drawbridge | drawbridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 let | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 came | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 came | cc |
| 9 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 let | parataxis |
| 10 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 9 came | advmod |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 knelt | cc |
| 12 | knelt | kneel | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 came | conj |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 knees | case |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 knees | nmod:poss |
| 15 | knees | knee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 knelt | obl |
| 16 | on | on | ADP | _ | 19 earth | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 earth | det |
| 18 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 earth | amod |
| 19 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 knelt | obl |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 give | mark |
| 21 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 knelt | advcl |
| 22 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 give | iobj |
| 23 | worthy | worthy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 welcome | amod |
| 24 | welcome | welcome | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 give | obj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 let | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | let down | past | gates = gate | the great drawbridge | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drawbridge=Theme | ||||
| 2 | come | past | forth property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | kneel | participle | gates's knees | on the cold earth | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on knee=Location | ||||
| 4 | give | to-infinitive | worthy welcome | Sir | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient welcome=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/4/12/