Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 4, sentence 38
And when the lord of the castle heard those tidings he laughed aloud for gladness, and all men in that keep were joyful that they should be in the company of him to whom belonged all fame, and valour, and courtesy, and whose honour was praised above that of all men on earth.
Who acts: lord, men · What happens: hear, laugh, keep, be, belong, praise · To what, where: tidings, company, fame, honour, that
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lord, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 laughed | cc |
| 2 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 8 heard | advmod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 lord | det |
| 4 | lord | lord | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 heard | nsubj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 castle | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 castle | det |
| 7 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 lord | nmod |
| 8 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 laughed | advcl |
| 9 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 10 tidings | det |
| 10 | tidings | tiding | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 heard | obj |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 laughed | nsubj |
| 12 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | aloud | aloud | ADV | _ | 12 laughed | advmod |
| 14 | for | for | ADP | _ | 15 gladness | case |
| 15 | gladness | gladness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 laughed | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 keep | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 keep | cc |
| 18 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 19 men | det |
| 19 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 keep | nsubj |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 that | case |
| 21 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 19 men | nmod |
| 22 | keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 laughed | advcl |
| 23 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 joyful | cop |
| 24 | joyful | joyful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 keep | xcomp |
| 25 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 31 company | mark |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 company | nsubj |
| 27 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 company | aux |
| 28 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 31 company | cop |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 company | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 company | det |
| 31 | company | company | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 joyful | xcomp |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 him | case |
| 33 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 company | nmod |
| 34 | to | to | ADP | _ | 36 belonged | case |
| 35 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 belonged | nsubj |
| 36 | belonged | belong | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 keep | advcl |
| 37 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 38 fame | det |
| 38 | fame | fame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 belonged | obj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 valour | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 valour | cc |
| 41 | valour | valour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 laughed | parataxis |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 courtesy | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 courtesy | cc |
| 44 | courtesy | courtesy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 valour | conj |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 praised | punct |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 praised | cc |
| 47 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 48 honour | nmod:poss |
| 48 | honour | honour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 praised | nsubj:pass |
| 49 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 50 praised | aux:pass |
| 50 | praised | praise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 laughed | conj |
| 51 | above | above | ADP | _ | 52 that | case |
| 52 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 50 praised | obl |
| 53 | of | of | ADP | _ | 55 men | case |
| 54 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 55 men | det |
| 55 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 that | nmod |
| 56 | on | on | ADP | _ | 57 earth | case |
| 57 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 men | nmod |
| 58 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 laughed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | the lord of the castle | that tidings | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer tiding=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | laugh | past | lord | for gladness; valour and courtesy parataxis; aloud property | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | keep | present | all men in that | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is | past | all men in that not said here | joyful property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | is | should | men = man | the company | of lord | tree rules | |||
| 6 | belong | past | all fame | whom nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | praise | past · passive | honour | that of all men on earth | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/4/38/