Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 6, sentence 43
The knights sat and were served in the hall, and much game and glee was there round the hearth, with many songs, both at supper and after; songs of Christmas, and new carols, with all the mirth one may think of.
Who acts: knights, much game, mirth one, Christmas · What happens: sit, serve, be, think, sing · To what, where: songs
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knights, much game, mirth one, Christmas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 knights | det |
| 2 | knights | knight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 sat | nsubj |
| 3 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 served | cc |
| 5 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 served | aux:pass |
| 6 | served | serve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 sat | conj |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 hall | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 hall | det |
| 9 | hall | hall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 served | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 there | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 there | cc |
| 12 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 game | amod |
| 13 | game | game | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 there | nsubj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 glee | cc |
| 15 | glee | glee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 game | conj |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 there | cop |
| 17 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 sat | parataxis |
| 18 | round | round | ADP | _ | 20 hearth | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 hearth | det |
| 20 | hearth | hearth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 there | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 songs | punct |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 24 songs | case |
| 23 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 songs | amod |
| 24 | songs | song | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 sat | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 supper | punct |
| 26 | both | both | CCONJ | _ | 28 supper | cc:preconj |
| 27 | at | at | ADP | _ | 28 supper | case |
| 28 | supper | supper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sat | conj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 after | cc |
| 30 | after | after | ADV | _ | 28 supper | conj |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 songs | punct |
| 32 | songs | song | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 sat | conj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 Christmas | case |
| 34 | Christmas | Christmas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 songs | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 carols | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 carols | cc |
| 37 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 carols | amod |
| 38 | carols | carol | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 songs | conj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 one | punct |
| 40 | with | with | ADP | _ | 44 one | case |
| 41 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 44 one | det:predet |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 one | det |
| 43 | mirth | mirth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 one | compound |
| 44 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 think | nsubj |
| 45 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 46 think | aux |
| 46 | think | think | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 songs | acl:relcl |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 think | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 sat | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sit | past | the knights | with many songs; supper conj; songs of Christmas and new carols conj | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | serve | past · passive | the knights not said here | in the hall | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: in hall=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | is | past | much game and glee | round the hearth; there property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | think speech: other | may | all mirth one | songs of Christmas and new carols not said here | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot song=Theme | ||||
| 5 | sing | Christmas | nom song «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/6/43/