Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 6, sentence 45
When they had tarried in the hall so long as it seemed them good, they turned to the inner chamber and the wide hearth-place, and there they drank wine, and the host proffered to renew the covenant for New Year’s Eve; but the knight craved leave to depart on the morrow, for it was nigh to the term when he must fulfil his pledge.
Who acts: looks, it, host, knight · What happens: tarry, seem, turn, drink, proffer, renew · To what, where: hall, looks, inner chamber, wine, covenant, morrow
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (looks, it, host, knight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 tarried | advmod |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 tarried | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 tarried | aux |
| 4 | tarried | tarry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 hall | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 hall | det |
| 7 | hall | hall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 tarried | obl |
| 8 | so | so | ADV | _ | 9 long | advmod |
| 9 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 12 seemed | advmod |
| 10 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 12 seemed | mark |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 seemed | nsubj |
| 12 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 tarried | advcl |
| 13 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 seemed | obj |
| 14 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 seemed | xcomp |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 turned | punct |
| 16 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 turned | nsubj |
| 17 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 tarried | parataxis |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 chamber | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 chamber | det |
| 20 | inner | inner | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 chamber | amod |
| 21 | chamber | chamber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 turned | obl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 place | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 place | det |
| 24 | wide | wide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 place | amod |
| 25 | hearth | hearth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 place | compound |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 hearth | punct |
| 27 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 chamber | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 drank | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 drank | cc |
| 30 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 32 drank | expl |
| 31 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 drank | nsubj |
| 32 | drank | drink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 turned | conj |
| 33 | wine | wine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 drank | obj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 proffered | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 proffered | cc |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 host | det |
| 37 | host | host | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 proffered | nsubj |
| 38 | proffered | proffer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 drank | conj |
| 39 | to | to | PART | _ | 40 renew | mark |
| 40 | renew | renew | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 proffered | xcomp |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 covenant | det |
| 42 | covenant | covenant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 renew | obj |
| 43 | for | for | ADP | _ | 47 Eve | case |
| 44 | New | New | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 Year | compound |
| 45 | Year | Year | PROPN | Number=Sing | 47 Eve | nmod:poss |
| 46 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 45 Year | case |
| 47 | Eve | Eve | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 covenant | nmod |
| 48 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 52 craved | punct |
| 49 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 52 craved | cc |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 knight | det |
| 51 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 craved | nsubj |
| 52 | craved | crave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 turned | conj |
| 53 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 52 craved | ccomp |
| 54 | to | to | PART | _ | 55 depart | mark |
| 55 | depart | depart | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 53 leave | xcomp |
| 56 | on | on | ADP | _ | 58 morrow | case |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 morrow | det |
| 58 | morrow | morrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 depart | obl |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 63 nigh | punct |
| 60 | for | for | ADP | _ | 63 nigh | case |
| 61 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 63 nigh | nsubj |
| 62 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 63 nigh | cop |
| 63 | nigh | nigh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 craved | parataxis |
| 64 | to | to | ADP | _ | 66 term | case |
| 65 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 66 term | det |
| 66 | term | term | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 nigh | obl |
| 67 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 70 fulfil | advmod |
| 68 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 70 fulfil | nsubj |
| 69 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 70 fulfil | aux |
| 70 | fulfil | fulfil | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 63 nigh | advcl |
| 71 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 72 pledge | nmod:poss |
| 72 | pledge | pledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 70 fulfil | obj |
| 73 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 tarried | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tarry | past · perfect | looks = look | the hall | vn linger-53.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in hall=Location | ||||
| 2 | seem | past | it | looks = look | good, long property | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Attribute | |||
| 3 | turn | past | looks = look | the inner chamber and the wide hearth place | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to chamber=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | drink | past | looks = look | wine | there | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wine=Patient | |||
| 5 | proffer | past | the host | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | renew | to-infinitive | the host not said here | the covenant | for New Year's Eve | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent covenant=Patient | |||
| 7 | crave | past | the knight | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 8 | leave | infinitive | the knight not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 9 | depart | to-infinitive | the knight not said here | the morrow | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 10 | is | past | host | to the term; nigh property | tree rules | ||||
| 11 | fulfil | must | knight | knight's pledge | tree rules | ||||
| 12 | pledge | knight | nom pledge «possession transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/6/45/