Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 6, sentence 61
Then was it joyful to hearken to the hounds; when all the pack had met together and had sight of their game they made as loud a din as if all the lofty cliffs had fallen clattering together.
Who acts: it, pack, hounds, lofty cliffs · What happens: be, hearken, meet, have, make, fall · To what, where: sight, loud din, game
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, pack, hounds, lofty cliffs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 joyful | advmod |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 joyful | cop |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 joyful | nsubj |
| 4 | joyful | joyful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 hearken | mark |
| 6 | hearken | hearken | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 joyful | csubj |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 hounds | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 hounds | det |
| 9 | hounds | hound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 hearken | obl |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 met | punct |
| 11 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 16 met | mark |
| 12 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 14 pack | det:predet |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 pack | det |
| 14 | pack | pack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 met | nsubj |
| 15 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 met | aux |
| 16 | met | meet | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 joyful | parataxis |
| 17 | together | together | ADV | _ | 16 met | advmod |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 had | cc |
| 19 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 met | conj |
| 20 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 had | obj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 game | case |
| 22 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 game | nmod:poss |
| 23 | game | game | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 sight | nmod |
| 24 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 made | nsubj |
| 25 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 game | acl:relcl |
| 26 | as | as | ADV | _ | 27 loud | advmod |
| 27 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 din | amod |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 din | det |
| 29 | din | din | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 made | obj |
| 30 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 37 fallen | mark |
| 31 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 37 fallen | mark |
| 32 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 35 cliffs | det:predet |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 cliffs | det |
| 34 | lofty | lofty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 cliffs | amod |
| 35 | cliffs | cliff | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 fallen | nsubj |
| 36 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 fallen | aux |
| 37 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 had | advcl |
| 38 | clattering | clatter | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 37 fallen | xcomp |
| 39 | together | together | ADV | _ | 38 clattering | advmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 joyful | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | it | then | joyful property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | hearken | to-infinitive | to the hounds | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | meet | past · perfect | all pack | together property | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | have | past | all pack not said here | sight of hounds's game | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sight=Patient | ||||
| 5 | make | past | hounds = hound | a loud din | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset din=Product | ||||
| 6 | fall | past · perfect | all lofty cliffs | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 7 | clatter | gerund | all lofty cliffs not said here | together property | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | sight | hounds's game | nom sight «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/6/61/