Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 6, sentence 62
The huntsmen shouted and threatened, and followed close upon him so that he might scarce escape, but Reynard was wily, and he turned and doubled upon them, and led the lord and his men over the hills, now on the slopes, now in the vales, while the knight at home slept through the cold morning beneath his costly curtains.
Who acts: huntsmen, Reynard, fox, knight · What happens: shout, threaten, follow, be, turn, double · To what, where: lord, hills
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (huntsmen, Reynard, fox, knight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 huntsmen | det |
| 2 | huntsmen | huntsman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 shouted | nsubj |
| 3 | shouted | shout | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 threatened | cc |
| 5 | threatened | threaten | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 shouted | conj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 followed | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 followed | cc |
| 8 | followed | follow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 shouted | parataxis |
| 9 | close | close | ADV | Degree=Pos | 8 followed | advmod |
| 10 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 11 him | case |
| 11 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 close | obl |
| 12 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 17 escape | case |
| 13 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 12 so | fixed |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 escape | nsubj |
| 15 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 escape | aux |
| 16 | scarce | scarce | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 escape | amod |
| 17 | escape | escape | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 followed | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 wily | punct |
| 19 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 22 wily | cc |
| 20 | Reynard | Reynard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 wily | nsubj |
| 21 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 wily | cop |
| 22 | wily | wily | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 followed | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 turned | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 turned | cc |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 turned | nsubj |
| 26 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 shouted | parataxis |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 doubled | cc |
| 28 | doubled | double | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 turned | conj |
| 29 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 30 them | case |
| 30 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 doubled | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 led | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 led | cc |
| 33 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 shouted | conj |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 lord | det |
| 35 | lord | lord | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 led | obj |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 men | cc |
| 37 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 men | nmod:poss |
| 38 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 lord | conj |
| 39 | over | over | ADP | _ | 41 hills | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 hills | det |
| 41 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 led | obl |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 slopes | punct |
| 43 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 46 slopes | advmod |
| 44 | on | on | ADP | _ | 46 slopes | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 slopes | det |
| 46 | slopes | slope | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 led | obl |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 vales | punct |
| 48 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 51 vales | advmod |
| 49 | in | in | ADP | _ | 51 vales | case |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 vales | det |
| 51 | vales | vale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 slopes | conj |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 slept | punct |
| 53 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 58 slept | mark |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 knight | det |
| 55 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 slept | nsubj |
| 56 | at | at | ADP | _ | 57 home | case |
| 57 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 knight | nmod |
| 58 | slept | sleep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 led | conj |
| 59 | through | through | ADP | _ | 62 morning | case |
| 60 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 morning | det |
| 61 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 morning | amod |
| 62 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 slept | obl |
| 63 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 66 curtains | case |
| 64 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 66 curtains | nmod:poss |
| 65 | costly | costly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 66 curtains | amod |
| 66 | curtains | curtain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 58 slept | obl |
| 67 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 shouted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shout speech: express | past | the huntsmen | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | threaten | past | the huntsmen not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | follow | participle | so scarce escape fox; close property | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | is | past | Reynard | wily property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | turn | past | fox | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | double | past | fox not said here | upon huntsmen = huntsman | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 7 | lead | past | the huntsmen not said here | the lord and fox's men | the hills | on the slopes and the vales | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent lord=Theme over hill=Destination | ||
| 8 | sleep | past | the knight at home | morning | beneath fox's costly curtains | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/6/62/