Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 7, sentence 34
Then he would take leave of the ladies, and courteously he kissed them, and spake, praying them to receive his thanks, and they made like reply; then with many sighs they commended him to Christ, and he departed courteously from that folk.
Who acts: honour, needs · What happens: take, kiss, pray, receive, make, commend · To what, where: leave, needs, thanks, honour, Christ, folk
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (honour, needs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 take | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 take | nsubj |
| 3 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 take | aux |
| 4 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | leave | leave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 take | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 ladies | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 ladies | det |
| 8 | ladies | lady | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 leave | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 kissed | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 kissed | cc |
| 11 | courteously | courteously | ADV | _ | 13 kissed | advmod |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 kissed | nsubj |
| 13 | kissed | kiss | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 take | parataxis |
| 14 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 kissed | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 spake | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 spake | cc |
| 17 | spake | speak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 kissed | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 praying | punct |
| 19 | praying | pray | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 kissed | advcl |
| 20 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 praying | obj |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 receive | mark |
| 22 | receive | receive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 praying | xcomp |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 thanks | nmod:poss |
| 24 | thanks | thanks | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 receive | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 made | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 made | cc |
| 27 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 made | nsubj |
| 28 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 kissed | conj |
| 29 | like | like | ADP | _ | 30 reply | case |
| 30 | reply | reply | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 made | obl |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 commended | punct |
| 32 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 37 commended | advmod |
| 33 | with | with | ADP | _ | 35 sighs | case |
| 34 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 sighs | amod |
| 35 | sighs | sigh | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 commended | obl |
| 36 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 commended | nsubj |
| 37 | commended | commend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 take | parataxis |
| 38 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 commended | obj |
| 39 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 Christ | case |
| 40 | Christ | Christ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 commended | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 departed | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 departed | cc |
| 43 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 departed | nsubj |
| 44 | departed | depart | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 commended | conj |
| 45 | courteously | courteously | ADV | _ | 44 departed | advmod |
| 46 | from | from | ADP | _ | 48 folk | case |
| 47 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 48 folk | det |
| 48 | folk | folk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 departed | obl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 take | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | would | honour | leave of the ladies | then | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leave=Theme | |||
| 2 | kiss | past | honour | needs = need | spake obl; courteously property | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent | |||
| 3 | pray | gerund | honour not said here | needs = need | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | receive | to-infinitive | honour not said here | honour's thanks | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thanks=Theme | ||||
| 5 | make | past | needs = need | like reply | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 6 | commend | past | needs = need | honour | Christ | then | with many sighs | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | |
| 7 | depart | past | honour | that folk | courteously property | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from folk=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/7/34/