Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 7, sentence 66
Naught fell from the heavens, but ’twas ill beneath them; mist brooded over the moor and hung on the mountains; each hill had a cap, a great cloak, of mist.
Who acts: Naught, mist, hill · What happens: fall, brood, hang, have · To what, where: heavens, moor, mountains, cap
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Naught, mist, hill), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Naught | naught | PRON | PronType=Neg | 2 fell | nsubj |
| 2 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 5 heavens | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 heavens | det |
| 5 | heavens | heaven | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 fell | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 ill | punct |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 10 ill | cc |
| 8 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 9 twas | punct |
| 9 | twas | twa | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 ill | nsubj |
| 10 | ill | ill | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 fell | conj |
| 11 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 12 them | case |
| 12 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 ill | obl |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 brooded | punct |
| 14 | mist | mist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 brooded | nsubj |
| 15 | brooded | brood | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 fell | conj |
| 16 | over | over | ADP | _ | 18 moor | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 moor | det |
| 18 | moor | moor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 brooded | obl |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 hung | cc |
| 20 | hung | hang | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 brooded | conj |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 23 mountains | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 mountains | det |
| 23 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 hung | obl |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 had | punct |
| 25 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 26 hill | det |
| 26 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 had | nsubj |
| 27 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 fell | conj |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 cap | det |
| 29 | cap | cap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 had | obj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 cloak | punct |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 cloak | det |
| 32 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 cloak | amod |
| 33 | cloak | cloak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 cap | conj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 mist | punct |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 mist | case |
| 36 | mist | mist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 had | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 fell | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall | past | Naught | the heavens | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from heaven=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | brood | past | mist | the moor | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | hang | participle | mist not said here | the mountains | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on mountain=Location | ||||
| 4 | have | past | each hill | a cap and a great cloak | of mist | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cap=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/7/66/