Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 8, sentence 13
Twas as if one ground a scythe on a grindstone, it whirred and whetted like water on a mill-wheel and rushed and rang, terrible to hear.
What happens: whir, whet, rush, ring, hear · To what, where: Twas, mill wheel
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Twas | twa | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 whirred | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | as | as | ADP | _ | 7 scythe | case |
| 3 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 7 scythe | mark |
| 4 | one | one | PRON | Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 scythe | nmod:poss |
| 5 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 one | appos |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 scythe | det |
| 7 | scythe | scythe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Twas | nmod |
| 8 | on | on | ADP | _ | 10 grindstone | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 grindstone | det |
| 10 | grindstone | grindstone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 scythe | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 whirred | punct |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 whirred | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | whirred | whir | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 whetted | cc |
| 15 | whetted | whet | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 whirred | conj |
| 16 | like | like | ADP | _ | 17 water | case |
| 17 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 whetted | obl |
| 18 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 wheel | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 wheel | det |
| 20 | mill | mill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 wheel | compound |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 mill | punct |
| 22 | wheel | wheel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 whetted | obl |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 rushed | cc |
| 24 | rushed | rush | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 whirred | conj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 rang | cc |
| 26 | rang | ring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 rushed | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 terrible | punct |
| 28 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 rang | conj |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 hear | mark |
| 30 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 terrible | xcomp |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 whirred | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | whir | participle · passive | Twas as one's scythe on a grindstone | grindstone nsubj:pass | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | whet | participle | a mill wheel | like water | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | rush | past | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | ring | past | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | hear | to-infinitive | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/8/13/