Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 8, sentence 3
The knight turned his steed to the mound, and lighted down and tied the rein to the branch of a linden; and he turned to the mound and walked round it, questioning with himself what it might be.
Who acts: knight, mound · What happens: turn, light down, tie, walk, question, be · To what, where: steed, mound, rein · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knight, mound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 knight | det |
| 2 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 turned | nsubj |
| 3 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 steed | nmod:poss |
| 5 | steed | steed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 turned | obj |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 mound | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 mound | det |
| 8 | mound | mound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 turned | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 lighted | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 lighted | cc |
| 11 | lighted | light | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 turned | conj |
| 12 | down | down | ADP | _ | 11 lighted | compound:prt |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 tied | cc |
| 14 | tied | tie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 lighted | conj |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 rein | det |
| 16 | rein | rein | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 tied | obj |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 branch | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 branch | det |
| 19 | branch | branch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 tied | obl |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 linden | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 linden | det |
| 22 | linden | linden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 branch | nmod |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 turned | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 turned | cc |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 turned | nsubj |
| 26 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 turned | parataxis |
| 27 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 mound | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 mound | det |
| 29 | mound | mound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 turned | obl |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 walked | cc |
| 31 | walked | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 turned | conj |
| 32 | round | round | ADP | _ | 33 it | case |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 walked | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 questioning | punct |
| 35 | questioning | question | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 31 walked | advcl |
| 36 | with | with | ADP | _ | 37 himself | case |
| 37 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 35 questioning | obl |
| 38 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 41 be | obj |
| 39 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 be | nsubj |
| 40 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 be | aux |
| 41 | be | be | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 questioning | ccomp |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 turned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | past | the knight | knight's steed | the mound | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent steed=Theme to mound=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | light down | participle | the knight not said here | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | tie | past | the knight not said here | the rein | to the branch of a linden | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent rein=Patient to branch=Co-Patient | |||
| 4 | turn | past | knight | the mound | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to mound=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | walk | past | knight not said here | mound | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme round it=Trajectory | ||||
| 6 | question speech: other | gerund | knight not said here | with knight | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | be | might | mound | what obj | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot what=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/8/3/