Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 8, sentence 4
It had a hole at the end and at either side, and was overgrown with clumps of grass, and it was hollow within as an old cave or the crevice of a crag; he knew not what it might be.
Who acts: mound, knight · What happens: have, overgrow, be, not know · To what, where: hole, end · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mound, knight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 had | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 hole | det |
| 4 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 had | obj |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 end | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 end | det |
| 7 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hole | nmod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 side | cc |
| 9 | at | at | ADP | _ | 11 side | case |
| 10 | either | either | DET | PronType=Ind | 11 side | det |
| 11 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 end | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 overgrown | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 overgrown | cc |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 overgrown | aux:pass |
| 15 | overgrown | overgrow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 had | parataxis |
| 16 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 clumps | case |
| 17 | clumps | clump | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 overgrown | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 grass | case |
| 19 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 clumps | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 hollow | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 hollow | cc |
| 22 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 hollow | nsubj |
| 23 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 hollow | cop |
| 24 | hollow | hollow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 overgrown | conj |
| 25 | within | within | ADP | _ | 29 cave | case |
| 26 | as | as | ADP | _ | 29 cave | case |
| 27 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 cave | det |
| 28 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 cave | amod |
| 29 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 hollow | obl |
| 30 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 32 crevice | cc |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 crevice | det |
| 32 | crevice | crevice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 cave | conj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 crag | case |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 crag | det |
| 35 | crag | crag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 crevice | nmod |
| 36 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 knew | punct |
| 37 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 knew | nsubj |
| 38 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 had | parataxis |
| 39 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 38 knew | advmod |
| 40 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 38 knew | ccomp |
| 41 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 be | nsubj |
| 42 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 43 be | aux |
| 43 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 40 what | cop |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | mound | a hole | at the end and either side | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Patient | |||
| 2 | overgrow | past · passive | with clumps of grass | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | is | past | mound | within a old cave or the crevice of a crag; hollow property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | not know | past | knight | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | is a | infinitive | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/8/4/