Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 8, sentence 67
Then he spake merrily in a loud voice, and said to the knight, “Bold sir, be not so fierce, no man here hath done thee wrong, nor will do, save by covenant, as we made at Arthur’s court.
Who acts: knight, we · What happens: speak, say, not be, do, save, make · To what, where: loud voice, knight, man, court · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knight, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 spake | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 spake | nsubj |
| 3 | spake | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | merrily | merrily | ADV | _ | 3 spake | advmod |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 voice | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 voice | det |
| 7 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 voice | amod |
| 8 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 spake | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 said | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 said | cc |
| 11 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 spake | conj |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 knight | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 knight | det |
| 14 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 said | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 sir | punct |
| 16 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 sir | punct |
| 17 | Bold | bold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 sir | amod |
| 18 | sir | sir | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 knight | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 fierce | punct |
| 20 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 23 fierce | cop |
| 21 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 23 fierce | advmod |
| 22 | so | so | ADV | _ | 23 fierce | advmod |
| 23 | fierce | fierce | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 said | ccomp |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 done | punct |
| 25 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 26 man | det |
| 26 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 done | nsubj |
| 27 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 26 man | advmod |
| 28 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 done | aux:pass |
| 29 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 fierce | conj |
| 30 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 29 done | obj |
| 31 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 done | xcomp |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 do | punct |
| 33 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 35 do | cc |
| 34 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 do | aux |
| 35 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 spake | conj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 save | punct |
| 37 | save | save | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 do | conj |
| 38 | by | by | ADP | _ | 39 covenant | case |
| 39 | covenant | covenant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 save | obl |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 made | punct |
| 41 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 43 made | mark |
| 42 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 43 made | nsubj |
| 43 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 spake | conj |
| 44 | at | at | ADP | _ | 47 court | case |
| 45 | Arthur | Arthur | PROPN | Number=Sing | 47 court | nmod:poss |
| 46 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 45 Arthur | case |
| 47 | court | court | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 made | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 spake | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | past | knight | a loud voice | then | merrily property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | knight not said here | the knight and Bold sir | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to knight=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | not is in a quote | infinitive | fierce property | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | do in a quote | present · passive | no man | thee obj; wrong property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | do in a quote | future | knight not said here | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | save in a quote | infinitive | knight not said here | by covenant | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | make in a quote | past | we | Arthur's court | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/8/67/