Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 9, sentence 2
“Lo, lady,” he quoth, and handled the lace, “this is the bond of the blame that I bear in my neck, this is the harm and the loss I have suffered, the cowardice and covetousness in which I was caught, the token of my covenant in which I was taken.
Who acts: Gawain, this, I, my · What happens: handle, be, bear, suffer, catch, take · To what, where: lace, bond, blame, neck, harm, loss · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gawain, this, I, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 lady | punct |
| 2 | Lo | lo | INTJ | _ | 4 lady | discourse |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 lady | punct |
| 4 | lady | lady | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 handled | ccomp |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 lady | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 lady | punct |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 handled | nsubj |
| 8 | quoth | quoth | ADV | _ | 11 handled | advmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 handled | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 handled | cc |
| 11 | handled | handle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 lace | det |
| 13 | lace | lace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 handled | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 bond | punct |
| 15 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 bond | punct |
| 16 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 19 bond | nsubj |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 bond | cop |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 bond | det |
| 19 | bond | bond | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 handled | parataxis |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 blame | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 blame | det |
| 22 | blame | blame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 bond | nmod |
| 23 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 bear | obj |
| 24 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 25 bear | nsubj |
| 25 | bear | bear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 blame | acl:relcl |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 neck | case |
| 27 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 neck | nmod:poss |
| 28 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 bear | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 harm | punct |
| 30 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 33 harm | nsubj |
| 31 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 harm | cop |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 harm | det |
| 33 | harm | harm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 bond | conj |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 loss | cc |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 loss | det |
| 36 | loss | loss | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 harm | conj |
| 37 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 39 suffered | nsubj |
| 38 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 suffered | aux |
| 39 | suffered | suffer | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 36 loss | acl:relcl |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 cowardice | punct |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 cowardice | det |
| 42 | cowardice | cowardice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 harm | appos |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 covetousness | cc |
| 44 | covetousness | covetousness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 cowardice | conj |
| 45 | in | in | ADP | _ | 46 which | case |
| 46 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 49 caught | obl |
| 47 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 49 caught | nsubj:pass |
| 48 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 caught | aux:pass |
| 49 | caught | catch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 44 covetousness | acl:relcl |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 token | punct |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 token | det |
| 52 | token | token | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 bond | conj |
| 53 | of | of | ADP | _ | 55 covenant | case |
| 54 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 55 covenant | nmod:poss |
| 55 | covenant | covenant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 token | nmod |
| 56 | in | in | ADP | _ | 57 which | case |
| 57 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 60 taken | obl |
| 58 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 60 taken | nsubj |
| 59 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 60 taken | aux:pass |
| 60 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 55 covenant | acl:relcl |
| 61 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 handled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | handle | past | Gawain | the lace | lady ccomp; quoth property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | this | the bond and the harm and the loss and the token of my covenant | of the blame; the token of my covenant conj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | bear in a quote | present | I | the blame | my neck | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Patient | |||
| 4 | is a in a quote | present | this | the harm and the loss | the loss conj; the cowardice and covetousness appos | tree rules | |||
| 5 | suffer in a quote | present · perfect | I | the loss not said here | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer loss=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | catch in a quote | past · passive | I | covetousness | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 7 | take in a quote | past · passive | I | my covenant | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Value in which=Location | ||||
| 8 | covenant in a quote | my | nom covenant «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/9/2/