Hawaiian Historical Legends, Opening, sentence 12
Veiled by the fogs of imagination are many interesting facts concerning kings and chiefs which have been passed over untouched—such as the voyages of the vikings of the Pacific, who left names and legends around the islands.
Who acts: Veiled many interesting facts, voyages · What happens: veil, be, concern, pass over, leave, fog · To what, where: Veiled many interesting facts, kings, names, islands, imagination, vikings
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Veiled many interesting facts, voyages), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Veiled | veil | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 facts | amod |
| 2 | by | by | ADP | _ | 4 fogs | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 fogs | det |
| 4 | fogs | fog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Veiled | obl |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 imagination | case |
| 6 | imagination | imagination | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 fogs | nmod |
| 7 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 facts | cop |
| 8 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 facts | amod |
| 9 | interesting | interesting | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 facts | amod |
| 10 | facts | fact | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 11 | concerning | concern | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 facts | acl |
| 12 | kings | king | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 concerning | obj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 chiefs | cc |
| 14 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 kings | conj |
| 15 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 passed | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 passed | aux |
| 17 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 18 passed | aux:pass |
| 18 | passed | pass | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 kings | acl:relcl |
| 19 | over | over | ADP | _ | 18 passed | compound:prt |
| 20 | untouched | untouched | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 passed | xcomp |
| 21 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 voyages | punct |
| 22 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 25 voyages | case |
| 23 | as | as | ADP | _ | 22 such | fixed |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 voyages | det |
| 25 | voyages | voyage | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 facts | conj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 vikings | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 vikings | det |
| 28 | vikings | viking | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 voyages | nmod |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 Pacific | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Pacific | det |
| 31 | Pacific | Pacific | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 vikings | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 left | punct |
| 33 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 left | nsubj |
| 34 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 voyages | parataxis |
| 35 | names | name | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 left | obj |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 legends | cc |
| 37 | legends | legend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 names | conj |
| 38 | around | around | ADP | _ | 40 islands | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 islands | det |
| 40 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 names | nmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 facts | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | veil | participle | by the fogs of imagination | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is a | present | Veiled many interesting facts and the voyages of the vikings of the Pacific | the voyages of the vikings of the Pacific conj | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | concern | gerund | Veiled many interesting facts and the voyages of the vikings of the Pacific not said here | kings and chiefs | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus king=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | pass over | present · perfect · passive | kings and chiefs | untouched property | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: subject=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | leave | past | the voyages of the vikings of the Pacific | names and legends | the islands | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent name=Theme around island=Location | |||
| 6 | fog | imagination | nom fog «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 7 | voyage | the vikings of the Pacific | nom voyage «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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