Hawaiian Historical Legends, Laa From Tahiti, sentence 17
It has always been the ambition of Hawaiian chiefs to excel in all athletic sports and warlike exercises.
Who acts: part · What happens: be, excel · To what, where: ambition, athletic sports
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Laa From Tahiti. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (part), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 ambition | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 ambition | aux |
| 3 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 6 ambition | advmod |
| 4 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 ambition | cop |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 ambition | det |
| 6 | ambition | ambition | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 chiefs | case |
| 8 | Hawaiian | hawaiian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 chiefs | amod |
| 9 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 ambition | nmod |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 excel | mark |
| 11 | excel | excel | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 ambition | acl |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 sports | case |
| 13 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 15 sports | det |
| 14 | athletic | athletic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 sports | amod |
| 15 | sports | sport | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 excel | obl |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 exercises | cc |
| 17 | warlike | warlike | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 exercises | amod |
| 18 | exercises | exercise | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 sports | conj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 ambition | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present · perfect | part | the ambition | of Hawaiian chiefs; always property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | excel | to-infinitive | all athletic sports and warlike exercises | vn succeed-74-1 «NP V PP.eventuality S_ING»: agent=Agent in sport=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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