Hawaiian Historical Legends, Captain Cook, sentence 172
He told how the sailors had fired upon his friend and himself.
Who acts: Kalimu, sailors · What happens: tell, fire · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Captain Cook. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kalimu, sailors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 told | nsubj |
| 2 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 7 fired | advmod |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 sailors | det |
| 5 | sailors | sailor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 fired | nsubj |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 fired | aux |
| 7 | fired | fire | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 told | ccomp |
| 8 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 10 friend | case |
| 9 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 friend | nmod:poss |
| 10 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 fired | obl:agent |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 himself | cc |
| 12 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 10 friend | conj |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | Kalimu | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | fire | past · perfect | the sailors | Kalimu's friend Kalimu obl:agent | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/12/172/