Hawaiian Historical Legends, Captain Cook, sentence 173
Kalola, wife of Kalaniopuu, heard the death-word, and that the chief had been killed by the gun of the foreigners, so she ran out of the woman’s house, put her hand on the king’s shoulder and said, “O Kalani, let us go back.”
Who acts: Kalola, gun, Kalani, us · What happens: hear, kill, run, put, say, let · To what, where: death word, chief, house, hand, shoulder, us · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Captain Cook. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kalola, gun, Kalani, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kalola | Kalola | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 heard | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 wife | punct |
| 3 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Kalola | appos |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 Kalaniopuu | case |
| 5 | Kalaniopuu | Kalaniopuu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 wife | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Kalola | punct |
| 7 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 word | det |
| 9 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 word | compound |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 death | punct |
| 11 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 heard | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 killed | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 killed | cc |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 19 killed | mark |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 chief | det |
| 16 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 killed | aux |
| 18 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 killed | aux:pass |
| 19 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 heard | conj |
| 20 | by | by | ADP | _ | 22 gun | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 gun | det |
| 22 | gun | gun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 killed | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 foreigners | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 foreigners | det |
| 25 | foreigners | foreigner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 gun | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 ran | punct |
| 27 | so | so | ADV | _ | 29 ran | advmod |
| 28 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 ran | nsubj |
| 29 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 heard | parataxis |
| 30 | out | out | ADP | _ | 35 house | case |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 house | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 woman | det |
| 33 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 house | nmod:poss |
| 34 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 33 woman | case |
| 35 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 ran | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 put | punct |
| 37 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 ran | conj |
| 38 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 hand | nmod:poss |
| 39 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 put | obj |
| 40 | on | on | ADP | _ | 44 shoulder | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 king | det |
| 42 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 shoulder | nmod:poss |
| 43 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 42 king | case |
| 44 | shoulder | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 put | obl |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 said | cc |
| 46 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 heard | conj |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 let | punct |
| 48 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 52 let | punct |
| 49 | O | o | INTJ | _ | 50 Kalani | discourse |
| 50 | Kalani | Kalani | PROPN | Number=Sing | 52 let | nsubj |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 Kalani | punct |
| 52 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 46 said | ccomp |
| 53 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 52 let | obj |
| 54 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 52 let | xcomp |
| 55 | back | back | ADV | _ | 54 go | advmod |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 52 let | punct |
| 57 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 52 let | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | Kalola | the death word | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | kill | past · perfect · passive | the gun of the foreigners | the chief | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | run | past | Kalola | the woman's house | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out house=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | put | infinitive | Kalola not said here | Kalola's hand | the king's shoulder | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme on shoulder=Destination | |||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | Kalola not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | let in a quote | infinitive | Kalani | us | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | go back in a quote | infinitive | us not said here | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/12/173/