Hawaiian Historical Legends, Captain Cook, sentence 62
The canoes returned and reported that the chief had been killed by a wai-ki (a rush of smoke like water in a blow-hole).
Who acts: canoes, wai ki · What happens: return, report, kill, rush · To what, where: chief, smoke, blow hole
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Captain Cook. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (canoes, wai ki), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 canoes | det |
| 2 | canoes | canoe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 returned | nsubj |
| 3 | returned | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 reported | cc |
| 5 | reported | report | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 returned | conj |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 killed | mark |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 chief | det |
| 8 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 killed | aux |
| 10 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 killed | aux:pass |
| 11 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 reported | ccomp |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 ki | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 ki | det |
| 14 | wai | wai | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 ki | compound |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 14 wai | punct |
| 16 | ki | ki | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 killed | obl |
| 17 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 19 rush | punct |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 rush | det |
| 19 | rush | rush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 ki | appos |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 smoke | case |
| 21 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 rush | nmod |
| 22 | like | like | ADP | _ | 23 water | case |
| 23 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 rush | nmod |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 hole | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 hole | det |
| 26 | blow | blow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 hole | compound |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 blow | punct |
| 28 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 rush | nmod |
| 29 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 19 rush | punct |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 returned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | return | past | the canoes | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | report | past | the canoes not said here | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | kill | past · perfect · passive | a wai ki | the chief | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | rush | smoke | a blow hole | like water | nom rush «act transitive»: of=patient like=obl in=place |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/12/62/