Hawaiian Historical Legends, King Kahahana, About 1773, sentence 17
There were certain gifts of the sea which were very highly prized by all the chiefs of the Hawaiian Islands.
Who acts: certain gifts, chiefs · What happens: be, prize, gift · To what, where: sea
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (certain gifts, chiefs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 were | expl |
| 2 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 gifts | amod |
| 4 | gifts | gift | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 were | nsubj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 sea | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 sea | det |
| 7 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 gifts | nmod |
| 8 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 prized | obj |
| 9 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 prized | aux:pass |
| 10 | very | very | ADV | _ | 11 highly | advmod |
| 11 | highly | highly | ADV | _ | 12 prized | advmod |
| 12 | prized | prize | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 sea | acl:relcl |
| 13 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 chiefs | case |
| 14 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 16 chiefs | det:predet |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 chiefs | det |
| 16 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 prized | obl:agent |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 Islands | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Islands | det |
| 19 | Hawaiian | Hawaiian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Islands | compound |
| 20 | Islands | Island | PROPN | Number=Plur | 16 chiefs | nmod |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 were | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | certain gifts of the sea | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | prize | past · passive | all chiefs of the Hawaiian Islands | the sea | highly property | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | gift | the sea | nom gift «possession transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/13/17/