Hawaiian Historical Legends, King Kahahana, About 1773, sentence 28
Apparently the two kings then discussed the continuance of the friendly relations which had bound them together so many years, and entered into some kind of an alliance by which Kahekili might receive assistance in his wars with the chiefs of the large island of Hawaii.
Who acts: two kings, Kahekili, friendly relations · What happens: discuss, bind, enter, receive, continue, war · To what, where: continuance, friendly relations, kind, assistance, wars
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two kings, Kahekili, friendly relations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Apparently | apparently | ADV | _ | 6 discussed | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 kings | det |
| 3 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 kings | nummod |
| 4 | kings | king | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 discussed | nsubj |
| 5 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 6 discussed | advmod |
| 6 | discussed | discuss | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 continuance | det |
| 8 | continuance | continuance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 discussed | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 relations | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 relations | det |
| 11 | friendly | friendly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 relations | amod |
| 12 | relations | relation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 continuance | nmod |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 bound | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 bound | aux |
| 15 | bound | bind | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 relations | acl:relcl |
| 16 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 bound | obj |
| 17 | together | together | ADV | _ | 15 bound | advmod |
| 18 | so | so | ADV | _ | 19 many | advmod |
| 19 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 years | amod |
| 20 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 bound | obl:unmarked |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 entered | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 entered | cc |
| 23 | entered | enter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 discussed | conj |
| 24 | into | into | ADP | _ | 26 kind | case |
| 25 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 26 kind | det |
| 26 | kind | kind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 entered | obl |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 alliance | case |
| 28 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 alliance | det |
| 29 | alliance | alliance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 kind | nmod |
| 30 | by | by | ADP | _ | 31 which | case |
| 31 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 receive | obl |
| 32 | Kahekili | Kahekili | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 receive | nsubj |
| 33 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 receive | aux |
| 34 | receive | receive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 alliance | acl:relcl |
| 35 | assistance | assistance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 receive | obj |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 wars | case |
| 37 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 wars | nmod:poss |
| 38 | wars | war | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 receive | obl |
| 39 | with | with | ADP | _ | 41 chiefs | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 chiefs | det |
| 41 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 wars | nmod |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 island | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 island | det |
| 44 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 island | amod |
| 45 | island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 chiefs | nmod |
| 46 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 Hawaii | case |
| 47 | Hawaii | Hawaii | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 island | nmod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 discussed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | discuss speech: other | past | the two kings | the continuance of the friendly relations | then | apparently property | vn chit_chat-37.6-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent continuance=Topic | ||
| 2 | bind | past · perfect · passive | the friendly relations | year | relations = relation obj; together property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | enter | past | the two kings not said here | some kind of a alliance | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into kind=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | receive | might | Kahekili | assistance | Kahekili's wars with the chiefs of the large island of Hawaii | by a alliance | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent assistance=Theme by which=Location | ||
| 5 | continue | the friendly relations | nom continuance «act intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 6 | war | Kahekili | with the chiefs of the large island of Hawaii | nom war «act intransitive»: poss=agent with=obl |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/13/28/