Hawaiian Historical Legends, King Kahahana, About 1773, sentence 29
Two, or perhaps three, years after this consultation, Kahahana sent heavy reinforcements from Oahu to Maui, which aided Kahekili in the complete annihilation of the Alapa Regiment, about eight hundred chiefs, from Hawaii, in the noted “Battle of the Sand-Hills,” near Wailuku.
Who acts: years · What happens: send, aid, note, annihilate · To what, where: Two three, Oahu, Kahekili, Maui, complete annihilation, Alapa Regiment
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (years), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 three | compound |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 three | punct |
| 3 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 5 three | cc |
| 4 | perhaps | perhaps | ADV | _ | 5 three | advmod |
| 5 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 sent | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 years | punct |
| 7 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 sent | nsubj |
| 8 | after | after | ADP | _ | 10 consultation | case |
| 9 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 10 consultation | det |
| 10 | consultation | consultation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 years | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 Kahahana | punct |
| 12 | Kahahana | Kahahana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 consultation | appos |
| 13 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 reinforcements | amod |
| 15 | reinforcements | reinforcement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 sent | obj |
| 16 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 Oahu | case |
| 17 | Oahu | Oahu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 sent | obl |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 Maui | case |
| 19 | Maui | Maui | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 aided | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 aided | punct |
| 21 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 aided | nsubj |
| 22 | aided | aid | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 sent | conj |
| 23 | Kahekili | Kahekili | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 aided | obj |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 annihilation | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 annihilation | det |
| 26 | complete | complete | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 annihilation | amod |
| 27 | annihilation | annihilation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 aided | obl |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 Regiment | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Regiment | det |
| 30 | Alapa | Alapa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 Regiment | compound |
| 31 | Regiment | regiment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 annihilation | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 chiefs | punct |
| 33 | about | about | ADV | _ | 35 hundred | advmod |
| 34 | eight | eight | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 35 hundred | compound |
| 35 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 36 chiefs | nummod |
| 36 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 Regiment | conj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 Hawaii | punct |
| 38 | from | from | ADP | _ | 39 Hawaii | case |
| 39 | Hawaii | Hawaii | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 aided | obl |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 Battle | punct |
| 41 | in | in | ADP | _ | 45 Battle | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 Battle | det |
| 43 | noted | note | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 45 Battle | amod |
| 44 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 45 Battle | punct |
| 45 | Battle | Battle | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 aided | obl |
| 46 | of | of | ADP | _ | 50 Hills | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 Hills | det |
| 48 | Sand | Sand | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 Hills | compound |
| 49 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 48 Sand | punct |
| 50 | Hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 Battle | nmod |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 Battle | punct |
| 52 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 45 Battle | punct |
| 53 | near | near | ADP | _ | 54 Wailuku | case |
| 54 | Wailuku | Wailuku | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 Battle | nmod |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 sent | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | send | past | years after this consultation | Two three | Oahu | heavy reinforcements obj | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent reinforcement=Theme from oahu=Initial_Location | ||
| 2 | aid | past | Kahekili | Maui | the complete annihilation of the Alapa Regiment and hundred chiefs | from Hawaii; in the noted Battle of the Sand Hills near Wailuku; which nsubj | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kahekili=Beneficiary | ||
| 3 | note | participle | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | annihilate | the Alapa Regiment and hundred chiefs | nom annihilation «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/13/29/