Hawaiian Historical Legends, King Kahahana, About 1773, sentence 71
To surrender the ivory would turn away the favour of the gods whose assistance was prayed for in all things connected with the great waters.
Who acts: ivory · What happens: surrender, turn away, pray, connect, favour · To what, where: favour, assistance, things, gods
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ivory), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | To | to | PART | _ | 2 surrender | mark |
| 2 | surrender | surrender | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 turn | advcl |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 ivory | det |
| 4 | ivory | ivory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 turn | nsubj |
| 5 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 turn | aux |
| 6 | turn | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | away | away | ADP | _ | 6 turn | compound:prt |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 favour | det |
| 9 | favour | favour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 turn | obj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 gods | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 gods | det |
| 12 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 favour | nmod |
| 13 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 14 assistance | nmod:poss |
| 14 | assistance | assistance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 prayed | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 prayed | aux:pass |
| 16 | prayed | pray | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 gods | acl:relcl |
| 17 | for | for | ADP | _ | 20 things | case |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 things | case |
| 19 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 20 things | det |
| 20 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 prayed | obl |
| 21 | connected | connect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 things | acl |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 25 waters | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 waters | det |
| 24 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 waters | amod |
| 25 | waters | water | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 connected | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 turn | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | surrender | to-infinitive | the ivory not said here | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | turn away | would | the ivory | the favour of the gods | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent favour=Theme | ||||
| 3 | pray | past · passive | assistance | for all things | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | connect | participle | all things not said here | with the great waters | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with water=Co-Patient | ||||
| 5 | favour | the gods | nom favour «feeling transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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