Hawaiian Historical Legends, King Kahahana, About 1773, sentence 73
Again Ka-o-pulu-pulu, the high priest, argued that if Kahahana, this new king, had come with warriors and subdued Oahu, the chiefs of Oahu could have nothing to say concerning the disposition of anything belonging to the island.
Who acts: Kahahana, chiefs · What happens: argue, come, subdue, have, say, concern · To what, where: nothing, disposition · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kahahana, chiefs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Again | again | ADP | _ | 2 Ka | case |
| 2 | Ka | Ka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 argued | obl |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 pulu | punct |
| 4 | o | of | ADP | Abbr=Yes | 6 pulu | case |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 o | punct |
| 6 | pulu | pulu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Ka | conj |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 pulu | punct |
| 8 | pulu | pulu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 pulu | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 priest | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 priest | det |
| 11 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 priest | amod |
| 12 | priest | priest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 pulu | appos |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Ka | punct |
| 14 | argued | argue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 24 come | mark |
| 16 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 24 come | mark |
| 17 | Kahahana | Kahahana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 come | nsubj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 king | punct |
| 19 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 21 king | det |
| 20 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 king | amod |
| 21 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 Kahahana | appos |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 Kahahana | punct |
| 23 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 come | aux |
| 24 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 argued | ccomp |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 warriors | case |
| 26 | warriors | warrior | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 come | obl |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 subdued | cc |
| 28 | subdued | subdue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 argued | conj |
| 29 | Oahu | Oahu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 have | dislocated |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 have | punct |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 chiefs | det |
| 32 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 have | nsubj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 Oahu | case |
| 34 | Oahu | Oahu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 chiefs | nmod |
| 35 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 36 have | aux |
| 36 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 subdued | ccomp |
| 37 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 36 have | obj |
| 38 | to | to | PART | _ | 39 say | mark |
| 39 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 nothing | acl |
| 40 | concerning | concern | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 39 say | xcomp |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 disposition | det |
| 42 | disposition | disposition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 concerning | obj |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 anything | case |
| 44 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 42 disposition | nmod |
| 45 | belonging | belong | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 44 anything | acl |
| 46 | to | to | ADP | _ | 48 island | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 island | det |
| 48 | island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 belonging | obl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 argued | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | argue speech: disagree | past | again Ka and pulu and pulu | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | come a condition, not said to happen | past · perfect | Kahahana | with warriors | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | subdue | past | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | have | could | the chiefs of Oahu | nothing | Oahu dislocated | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient | |||
| 5 | say speech: assert | to-infinitive | the chiefs of Oahu not said here | nothing not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 6 | concern | gerund | the chiefs of Oahu not said here | the disposition of anything | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus disposition=Experiencer | ||||
| 7 | belong | gerund | to the island | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/13/73/