Hawaiian Historical Legends, King Kahahana, About 1773, sentence 83
He heard of the organisation of the two powerful bodies of young chiefs known in Hawaiian history as “the regiments called Alapa and Pii-pii.”
Who acts: Kahekili, regiments · What happens: hear, know, call · To what, where: young chiefs, Hawaiian history · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kahekili, regiments), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 heard | nsubj |
| 2 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 organisation | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 organisation | det |
| 5 | organisation | organisation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 heard | obl |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 bodies | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 bodies | det |
| 8 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 bodies | nummod |
| 9 | powerful | powerful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 bodies | amod |
| 10 | bodies | body | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 organisation | nmod |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 chiefs | case |
| 12 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 chiefs | amod |
| 13 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 bodies | nmod |
| 14 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 chiefs | acl |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 history | case |
| 16 | Hawaiian | hawaiian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 history | amod |
| 17 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 known | obl |
| 18 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 22 called | mark |
| 19 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 called | punct |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 regiments | det |
| 21 | regiments | regiment | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 called | nsubj |
| 22 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 heard | advcl |
| 23 | Alapa | Alapa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 called | xcomp |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 Pii | cc |
| 25 | Pii | Pii | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Alapa | conj |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 27 pii | punct |
| 27 | pii | pii | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 Alapa | appos |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 heard | punct |
| 29 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | Kahekili | of the organisation of the two powerful bodies of young chiefs | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of organisation=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | know | participle | young chiefs not said here | Hawaiian history | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | call in a quote | past | the regiments | Alapa and Pii xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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