Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 194
Naked and bleeding the chiefs raised broken arms to ward off descending blows.
Who acts: Naked · What happens: bleed, raise, break, ward off, descend · To what, where: chiefs, broken arms, descending blows
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Naked), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Naked | naked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 raised | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 bleeding | cc |
| 3 | bleeding | bleed | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 1 Naked | conj |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 chiefs | det |
| 5 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 bleeding | obj |
| 6 | raised | raise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 arms | amod |
| 8 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 raised | obj |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 ward | mark |
| 10 | ward | ward | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 raised | advcl |
| 11 | off | off | ADP | _ | 10 ward | compound:prt |
| 12 | descending | descend | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 blows | amod |
| 13 | blows | blow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 ward | obj |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 raised | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bleed | gerund | Naked not said here | the chiefs | vn substance_emission-43.4-1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent chief=Source | ||||
| 2 | raise | past | Naked | broken arms | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Theme | ||||
| 3 | break | participle | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 4 | ward off | to-infinitive | Naked not said here | descending blows | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | descend | gerund | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/14/194/