Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 33
Turning, he caught the old chief and aided him in hurried retreat, while his terrible war club played with lightning strokes against his foes.
Who acts: cry · What happens: turn, catch, aid, hurry, play · To what, where: old chief, cry, hurried retreat, terrible war club
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cry), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Turning | turn | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 caught | advcl |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Turning | punct |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 caught | nsubj |
| 4 | caught | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 chief | det |
| 6 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 chief | amod |
| 7 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 caught | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 aided | cc |
| 9 | aided | aid | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 caught | conj |
| 10 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 aided | obj |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 retreat | case |
| 12 | hurried | hurry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 retreat | amod |
| 13 | retreat | retreat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 aided | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 club | punct |
| 15 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 19 club | mark |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 club | nmod:poss |
| 17 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 club | amod |
| 18 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 club | compound |
| 19 | club | club | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 aided | parataxis |
| 20 | played | play | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 club | acl |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 strokes | case |
| 22 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 strokes | compound |
| 23 | strokes | stroke | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 played | obl |
| 24 | against | against | ADP | _ | 26 foes | case |
| 25 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 foes | nmod:poss |
| 26 | foes | foe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 strokes | nmod |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 caught | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | gerund | cry not said here | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | catch | past | cry | the old chief | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chief=Theme | ||||
| 3 | aid | past | cry not said here | cry | hurried retreat | cry's terrible war club parataxis | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary | ||
| 4 | hurry | participle | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | play | participle | cry's terrible war club not said here | with lightning strokes against cry's foes | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with stroke=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/14/33/