Hawaiian Historical Legends, In the Days of Kahahana, 1782, sentence 1
Paumakua was one of the great voyagers among the ocean-rovers of over eight hundred years ago.
Who acts: Paumakua · What happens: be · To what, where: one
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, In the Days of Kahahana, 1782. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Paumakua), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Paumakua | Paumakua | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 one | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 one | cop |
| 3 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 voyagers | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 voyagers | det |
| 6 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 voyagers | amod |
| 7 | voyagers | voyager | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 one | nmod |
| 8 | among | among | ADP | _ | 12 rovers | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 rovers | det |
| 10 | ocean | ocean | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 rovers | compound |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 ocean | punct |
| 12 | rovers | rover | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 voyagers | nmod |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 years | case |
| 14 | over | over | ADV | _ | 16 hundred | advmod |
| 15 | eight | eight | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 hundred | compound |
| 16 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 years | nummod |
| 17 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 rovers | nmod |
| 18 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 17 years | advmod |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 one | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Paumakua | one | of the great voyagers among the ocean rovers of hundred years | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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