Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Eight of Oahu, sentence 6
Kahekili had fomented distrust and bloodshed among the Oahu chiefs and at last with an immense fleet of canoes filled with warriors had landed on the beach, south of the crater Leahi, now known as Diamond Head.
Who acts: Kahekili, last · What happens: foment, fill, land, know · To what, where: distrust, canoes, beach
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Eight of Oahu. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kahekili, last), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kahekili | Kahekili | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 fomented | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 fomented | aux |
| 3 | fomented | foment | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | distrust | distrust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fomented | obj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 bloodshed | cc |
| 6 | bloodshed | bloodshed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 distrust | conj |
| 7 | among | among | ADP | _ | 10 chiefs | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 chiefs | det |
| 9 | Oahu | Oahu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 chiefs | compound |
| 10 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 fomented | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 landed | cc |
| 12 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 last | case |
| 13 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 landed | nsubj:outer |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 fleet | case |
| 15 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 fleet | det |
| 16 | immense | immense | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 fleet | amod |
| 17 | fleet | fleet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 last | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 canoes | case |
| 19 | canoes | canoe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 fleet | nmod |
| 20 | filled | fill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 canoes | acl |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 warriors | case |
| 22 | warriors | warrior | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 filled | obl |
| 23 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 landed | aux |
| 24 | landed | land | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 chiefs | conj |
| 25 | on | on | ADP | _ | 27 beach | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 beach | det |
| 27 | beach | beach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 landed | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 crater | punct |
| 29 | south | south | ADV | _ | 32 crater | advmod |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 crater | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 crater | det |
| 32 | crater | crater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 beach | conj |
| 33 | Leahi | Leahi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 crater | appos |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 known | punct |
| 35 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 36 known | advmod |
| 36 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 fomented | parataxis |
| 37 | as | as | ADP | _ | 39 Head | case |
| 38 | Diamond | diamond | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 Head | compound |
| 39 | Head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 known | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 fomented | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | foment | past · perfect | Kahekili | distrust and bloodshed | among the Oahu chiefs | tree rules | |||
| 2 | fill | participle | canoes not said here | with warriors | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with warrior=Instrument | ||||
| 3 | land | past · perfect | last with a immense fleet of canoes | the beach and the crater | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on beach=Destination | ||||
| 4 | know | participle | now | as Diamond Head | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as head=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/16/6/