Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Red Mouth Gun, sentence 42
Standing among the ruins of an ancient fort he threw his spear far up toward the clouds above.
Who acts: god · What happens: stand, throw, ruin · To what, where: ruins, spear, ancient fort
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Red Mouth Gun. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (god), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Standing | stand | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 threw | advcl |
| 2 | among | among | ADP | _ | 4 ruins | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 ruins | det |
| 4 | ruins | ruin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Standing | obl |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 fort | case |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 fort | det |
| 7 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 fort | amod |
| 8 | fort | fort | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 ruins | nmod |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 threw | nsubj |
| 10 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 spear | nmod:poss |
| 12 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 threw | obj |
| 13 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 14 up | advmod |
| 14 | up | up | ADV | _ | 10 threw | advmod |
| 15 | toward | toward | ADP | _ | 17 clouds | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 clouds | det |
| 17 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 threw | obl |
| 18 | above | above | ADV | _ | 10 threw | advmod |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 threw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | gerund | god not said here | the ruins of a ancient fort | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent among ruin=Location | ||||
| 2 | throw | past | god | god's spear | toward the clouds; above property | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spear=Theme | |||
| 3 | ruin | a ancient fort | nom ruin «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/17/42/