Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Red Mouth Gun, sentence 43
Referring to the legends, he cried: “It is said of old that the sky comes close to Hana, but I find it very high.
Who acts: god, sky · What happens: refer, cry, say, come, find · To what, where: fort · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Red Mouth Gun. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (god, sky), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Referring | refer | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 cried | advcl |
| 2 | to | to | ADP | _ | 4 legends | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 legends | det |
| 4 | legends | legend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Referring | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Referring | punct |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 cried | nsubj |
| 7 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 said | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 said | punct |
| 10 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 said | nsubj |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 said | aux:pass |
| 12 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 cried | parataxis |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 old | case |
| 14 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 said | obl |
| 15 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 18 comes | mark |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 sky | det |
| 17 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 comes | nsubj |
| 18 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 said | advcl |
| 19 | close | close | ADV | Degree=Pos | 18 comes | advmod |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 Hana | case |
| 21 | Hana | Hana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 close | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 find | punct |
| 23 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 25 find | cc |
| 24 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 25 find | nsubj |
| 25 | find | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 cried | conj |
| 26 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 find | obj |
| 27 | very | very | ADV | _ | 28 high | advmod |
| 28 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 find | xcomp |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 cried | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | refer | gerund | god not said here | to the legends | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to legend=Co-Theme | ||||
| 2 | cry speech: express | past | god | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert in a quote | present · passive | fort | of old | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | ||||
| 4 | come in a quote | present | the sky | close property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | find in a quote | present | god | fort | high property | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/17/43/