Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Red Mouth Gun, sentence 51
Great gulches, bordered by enormous growths of tropical luxuriance, are rapidly formed.
Who acts: tropical luxuriance · What happens: border, form, grow · To what, where: Great gulches
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Red Mouth Gun. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tropical luxuriance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 gulches | amod |
| 2 | gulches | gulch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 formed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 bordered | punct |
| 4 | bordered | border | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 gulches | acl |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 growths | case |
| 6 | enormous | enormous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 growths | amod |
| 7 | growths | growth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 bordered | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 luxuriance | case |
| 9 | tropical | tropical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 luxuriance | amod |
| 10 | luxuriance | luxuriance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 growths | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 gulches | punct |
| 12 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 formed | aux:pass |
| 13 | rapidly | rapidly | ADV | _ | 14 formed | advmod |
| 14 | formed | form | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 formed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | border | participle | Great gulches not said here | by enormous growths of tropical luxuriance | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | form | present · passive | Great gulches | rapidly property | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | grow | tropical luxuriance | nom growth «process intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/17/51/