Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Red Mouth Gun, sentence 64
These are the ghosts of the ancestors watching over the place known in this earthly life, and the family of which they were the progenitors.
Who acts: These, ancestors, family · What happens: be, watch, know · To what, where: ghosts, place, earthly life, progenitors
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Red Mouth Gun. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These, ancestors, family), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 4 ghosts | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 ghosts | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 ghosts | det |
| 4 | ghosts | ghost | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 ancestors | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 ancestors | det |
| 7 | ancestors | ancestor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 ghosts | nmod |
| 8 | watching | watch | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 ancestors | acl |
| 9 | over | over | ADP | _ | 11 place | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 place | det |
| 11 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 watching | obl |
| 12 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 place | acl |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 life | case |
| 14 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 16 life | det |
| 15 | earthly | earthly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 life | amod |
| 16 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 known | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 progenitors | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 progenitors | cc |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 family | det |
| 20 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 progenitors | nsubj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 which | case |
| 22 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 progenitors | nsubj |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 progenitors | nsubj |
| 24 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 progenitors | cop |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 progenitors | det |
| 26 | progenitors | progenitor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 ghosts | conj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 ghosts | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | These | the ghosts and the progenitors | of the ancestors | tree rules | |||
| 2 | watch | gerund | the ancestors not said here | the place | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over place=Location | ||||
| 3 | know | participle | the place not said here | this earthly life | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | is a | past | the family | the progenitors | the ghosts and the progenitors nsubj; natives = native nsubj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/17/64/