Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Red Mouth Gun, sentence 79
As the clouds of smoke crept over the sea the battle became, in the view of the watchers, a fight between red mouth guns, and they shouted one to another the news of the progress of the conflict according to the predominance of flashing muskets and cannon.
Who acts: clouds, battle, conflict, flashing muskets · What happens: creep, become, shout, accord, cloud, view · To what, where: sea, view, one news, smoke, watchers
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Red Mouth Gun. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (clouds, battle, conflict, flashing muskets), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 6 crept | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 clouds | det |
| 3 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 crept | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 smoke | case |
| 5 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 clouds | nmod |
| 6 | crept | creep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | over | over | ADP | _ | 9 sea | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 sea | det |
| 9 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 crept | obl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 battle | det |
| 11 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 became | nsubj |
| 12 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 crept | parataxis |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 view | punct |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 view | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 view | det |
| 16 | view | view | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 became | xcomp |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 watchers | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 watchers | det |
| 19 | watchers | watcher | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 view | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 fight | punct |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 fight | det |
| 22 | fight | fight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 view | conj |
| 23 | between | between | ADP | _ | 26 guns | case |
| 24 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 guns | amod |
| 25 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 guns | compound |
| 26 | guns | gun | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 fight | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 shouted | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 shouted | cc |
| 29 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 shouted | nsubj |
| 30 | shouted | shout | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 crept | conj |
| 31 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 35 news | nummod |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 another | case |
| 33 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 31 one | nmod |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 news | det |
| 35 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 shouted | obj |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 progress | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 progress | det |
| 38 | progress | progress | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 news | nmod |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 conflict | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 conflict | det |
| 41 | conflict | conflict | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 progress | nmod |
| 42 | according | accord | VERB | ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 45 predominance | case |
| 43 | to | to | ADP | _ | 42 according | fixed |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 predominance | det |
| 45 | predominance | predominance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 conflict | nmod |
| 46 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 muskets | case |
| 47 | flashing | flashing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 muskets | compound |
| 48 | muskets | musket | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 predominance | nmod |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 cannon | cc |
| 50 | cannon | cannon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 muskets | conj |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 crept | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | creep | past | the clouds of smoke | the sea | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over sea=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | become | past | the battle | the view of the watchers and a fight between red mouth guns | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | shout speech: express | past | clouds = cloud | the one news of the progress of the conflict accord the predominance of flashing muskets and cannon | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent news=Topic | ||||
| 4 | accord | gerund | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | cloud | smoke | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 6 | view | the watchers | nom view «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 7 | progress | the conflict accord the predominance of flashing muskets and cannon | nom progress «act intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 8 | predominate | flashing muskets and cannon | nom predominance «state intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/17/79/