Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Law of the Splintered Paddle, sentence 97
The king, commanding the others not to follow, leaped from the canoe to attack two stalwart natives who had been aiding the weak to escape.
Who acts: king, two stalwart natives · What happens: command, not follow, leap, attack, aid, escape · To what, where: others, canoe, two stalwart natives, weak · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Law of the Splintered Paddle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, two stalwart natives), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 king | det |
| 2 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 follow | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 commanding | punct |
| 4 | commanding | command | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 king | acl |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 others | det |
| 6 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 commanding | obj |
| 7 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 9 follow | advmod |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 follow | mark |
| 9 | follow | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 leaped | punct |
| 11 | leaped | leap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 follow | xcomp |
| 12 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 canoe | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 canoe | det |
| 14 | canoe | canoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 leaped | obl |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 attack | mark |
| 16 | attack | attack | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 leaped | advcl |
| 17 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 19 natives | nummod |
| 18 | stalwart | stalwart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 natives | compound |
| 19 | natives | native | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 attack | obj |
| 20 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 aiding | nsubj |
| 21 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 aiding | aux |
| 22 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 23 aiding | aux |
| 23 | aiding | aid | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 natives | acl:relcl |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 weak | det |
| 25 | weak | weak | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 aiding | obj |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 escape | mark |
| 27 | escape | escape | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 weak | xcomp |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 follow | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | command | gerund | the king not said here | the others | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent other=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | not follow | to-infinitive | the king | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | leap | participle | the king not said here | the canoe | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from canoe=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | attack | to-infinitive | the king not said here | two stalwart natives | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent native=Patient | ||||
| 5 | aid | past · perfect · progressive | two stalwart natives | the weak | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weak=Beneficiary | ||||
| 6 | escape | to-infinitive | two stalwart natives not said here | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/18/97/