Hawaiian Historical Legends, Maui the Polynesian, sentence 30
The plants lifted the sky inch by inch until men were able to crawl about between the heavens and the earth, thus passing from place to place and visiting one another.
Who acts: plants, men · What happens: lift, be, crawl, pass, visit · To what, where: sky inch, heavens, place, one
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Maui the Polynesian. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (plants, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 plants | det |
| 2 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 lifted | nsubj |
| 3 | lifted | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 inch | det |
| 5 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 inch | compound |
| 6 | inch | inch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lifted | obj |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 inch | case |
| 8 | inch | inch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lifted | obl |
| 9 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 12 able | mark |
| 10 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 able | nsubj |
| 11 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 able | cop |
| 12 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 lifted | advcl |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 crawl | mark |
| 14 | crawl | crawl | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 able | xcomp |
| 15 | about | about | ADV | _ | 14 crawl | advmod |
| 16 | between | between | ADP | _ | 18 heavens | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 heavens | det |
| 18 | heavens | heaven | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 crawl | obl |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 earth | cc |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 earth | det |
| 21 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 heavens | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 passing | punct |
| 23 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 24 passing | advmod |
| 24 | passing | pass | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 lifted | parataxis |
| 25 | from | from | ADP | _ | 26 place | case |
| 26 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 passing | obl |
| 27 | to | to | ADP | _ | 28 place | case |
| 28 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 passing | obl |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 visiting | cc |
| 30 | visiting | visit | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 passing | conj |
| 31 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 30 visiting | obj |
| 32 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 31 one | fixed |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 lifted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lift | past | the plants | the sky inch | by inch | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent inch=Theme by inch=Destination | |||
| 2 | is | past | men | able property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | crawl | to-infinitive | men not said here | the heavens and the earth | about property | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between heaven=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | pass | gerund | place | to place; thus property | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from place=Initial_Location to place=Destination | ||||
| 5 | visit | gerund | one | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Co-Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/2/30/