Hawaiian Historical Legends, Maui the Polynesian, sentence 51
Here Maui lived on edible roots and fruits and raw fish, knowing little about cooked food, for the art of fire-making was not yet known.
Who acts: Maui · What happens: live, know, cook, not know · To what, where: edible roots, little, art · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Maui the Polynesian. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Maui), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 lived | advmod |
| 2 | Maui | Maui | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 lived | nsubj |
| 3 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 roots | case |
| 5 | edible | edible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 roots | amod |
| 6 | roots | root | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 lived | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 fruits | cc |
| 8 | fruits | fruit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 roots | conj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 fish | cc |
| 10 | raw | raw | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 fish | amod |
| 11 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 roots | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 knowing | punct |
| 13 | knowing | know | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 lived | advcl |
| 14 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 knowing | obj |
| 15 | about | about | ADP | _ | 17 food | case |
| 16 | cooked | cook | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 food | amod |
| 17 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 little | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 art | punct |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 art | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 art | det |
| 21 | art | art | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 known | nsubj:pass |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 making | case |
| 23 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 making | compound |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 23 fire | punct |
| 25 | making | making | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 art | nmod |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 known | aux:pass |
| 27 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 29 known | advmod |
| 28 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 29 known | advmod |
| 29 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 knowing | ccomp |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 lived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | past | Maui | edible roots and fruits and raw fish; here | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on root=Location | ||||
| 2 | know | gerund | Maui not said here | little | about cooked food | tree rules | |||
| 3 | cook | participle | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 4 | not know | past · passive | the art of fire making | yet | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/2/51/